{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T01:47:30Z","timestamp":1770083250348,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]],"date-time":"2001-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1004572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The role of \u03b2-endorphin (\u03b2-EP) in ethanol-altered NK cell cytolytic activity is studied using male Fischer-344 rats as an animal model. Ethanol was administered for 1, 2, 3, or 4 wk in a liquid diet containing 8.7% ethanol (v\/v), which means that 37% of the total calories were derived from ethanol. Rats treated with ethanol for 1 wk showed an increase in hypothalamic and plasma levels of immunoreactive (IR)-\u03b2-EP, but displayed no significant effect on NK cell activity determined by 51Cr release assay, as compared with those in pair-fed and ad libitum-fed animals. However, animals treated with ethanol for 2, 3, or 4 wk showed decreased hypothalamic and plasma levels of IR-\u03b2-EP and decreased splenic NK cell activity. No significant decrease in the number of splenocytes and NK cells or in the percentage of NK cells was seen until after 3 and 4 wk of ethanol treatment. Exposure in vitro of splenic lymphocytes obtained from control animals to various concentrations of \u03b2-EP increased NK cell activity. The opiate antagonist naltrexone blocked the \u03b2-EP-stimulated effect. The in vitro NK cell response to \u03b2-EP was reduced in the splenocytes obtained from animals treated with ethanol for 2 wk, but not in those obtained from animals treated with ethanol for 1 wk as compared with those in control animals. Additionally, \u03b2-EP administration into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus stimulated NK cell cytolytic activity, whereas the opiate blocker administration reduced NK cell activity. The NK cell responses to paraventricular nucleus \u03b2-EP were reduced in the animals treated with ethanol for 2 wk. These data provide evidence for the first time that ethanol inhibits NK cell cytolytic activity, possibly by reducing \u03b2-EP-regulated splenic NK cell function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.10.5645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T22:55:17Z","timestamp":1398034517000},"page":"5645-5652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Chronic Ethanol Inhibits NK Cell Cytolytic Activity: Role of Opioid Peptide \u03b2-Endorphin"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Nadka","family":"Boyadjieva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, NJ 08901"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madhavi","family":"Dokur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, NJ 08901"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan P","family":"Advis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, NJ 08901"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary G","family":"Meadows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Prevention and Research Center, Washington State University , Pullman, WA 99164"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dipak K","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, NJ 08901"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020208051787700_R1","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Science","year":"1981"},{"key":"2026020208051787700_R2","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Alcohol. 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