{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:37:26Z","timestamp":1790134646576,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]],"date-time":"2001-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":996624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>C\/EBP\u03b2 is a member of a family of leucine zipper transcription factors that are involved in regulating the expression of several cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF, and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1\u03b1. We identified multiple C\/EBP\u03b2 binding sites within the gene for CCR5, suggesting that C\/EBP\u03b2 may be involved in its regulation. Transient transfection experiments in both myeloid and lymphoid cells showed an increase in CCR5 promoter-driven green fluorescent protein production in the presence of C\/EBP\u03b2. Deletion analysis identified two C\/EBP\u03b2-responsive regions in the CCR5 gene, one in the promoter region and one at the 3\u2032 part of the intron. We provide evidence that, in myeloid cells (U937), C\/EBP\u03b2 independently activates CCR5 expression through sites located either in the promoter region or in the intron of the CCR5 gene. In contrast, in lymphoid cells (Jurkat) the presence of the intronic cis-regulatory regions is required for C\/EBP\u03b2-mediated activation. In agreement with the functional data, EMSA demonstrated that in both myeloid and lymphoid cells C\/EBP\u03b2 binds specifically to sites present in the intron, whereas interaction with the sites located in the promoter was cell type specific and was detected only in myeloid cells. Analysis of C\/EBP\u03b2 in primary PBMCs obtained from HIV-1-infected individuals revealed a significant increase in C\/EBP\u03b2 expression. The enhanced C\/EBP\u03b2 activity correlated with a higher frequency of circulating CCR5+ lymphocytes in AIDS patients and with a decline in CD4 lymphocyte numbers. Taken together, these results suggest that C\/EBP\u03b2 is an important regulator of CCR5 expression and may play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of HIV disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.3.1654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T23:31:49Z","timestamp":1398123109000},"page":"1654-1662","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein \u03b2 (C\/EBP\u03b2) Activates CCR5 Promoter: Increased C\/EBP\u03b2 and CCR5 in T Lymphocytes from HIV-1-Infected Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Margherita","family":"Rosati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Retrovirus Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute- Frederick , Frederick, MD 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Valentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Retrovirus Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute- Frederick , Frederick, MD 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J","family":"Patenaude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Retrovirus Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute- Frederick , Frederick, MD 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George N","family":"Pavlakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Retrovirus Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute- Frederick , Frederick, MD 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020209114492000_R1","first-page":"1955","volume-title":"Science","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R2","first-page":"1135","volume-title":"Cell","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R3","first-page":"661","volume-title":"Nature","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R4","first-page":"1149","volume-title":"Cell","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R5","first-page":"667","volume-title":"Nature","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R6","first-page":"1925","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R7","first-page":"5215","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R8","first-page":"722","volume-title":"Nature","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R9","first-page":"367","volume-title":"Cell","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R10","first-page":"1856","volume-title":"Science","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R11","first-page":"338","volume-title":"Nat. Med.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R12","first-page":"1240","volume-title":"Nat. Med.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R13","first-page":"1907","volume-title":"Science","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R14","first-page":"786","volume-title":"Nat. Med.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R15","first-page":"866","volume-title":"Lancet","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R16","first-page":"985","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R17","first-page":"1509","volume-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R18","first-page":"30662","volume-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R19","first-page":"5441","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R20","first-page":"1433","volume-title":"Blood","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R21","first-page":"340","volume-title":"Virology","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R22","first-page":"273","volume-title":"Science","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R23","first-page":"254","volume-title":"Clin. Immunol.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R24","first-page":"8886","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R25","first-page":"933","volume-title":"J. Infect. Dis.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R26","first-page":"4371","volume-title":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R27","first-page":"231","volume-title":"Liver Gene Expression","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R28","first-page":"1897","volume-title":"EMBO J.","year":"1990"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R29","first-page":"569","volume-title":"Cell","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R30","first-page":"3831","volume-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol.","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R31","first-page":"5273","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R32","first-page":"2757","volume-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol.","year":"1990"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R33","first-page":"153","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R34","first-page":"10193","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R35","first-page":"5039","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R36","first-page":"1449","volume-title":"J. Clin. Invest.","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R37","first-page":"4646","volume-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R38","first-page":"8145","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1992"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R39","first-page":"4330","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R40","first-page":"1854","volume-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol.","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R41","first-page":"7432","volume-title":"EMBO J.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R42","first-page":"1932","volume-title":"EMBO J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R43","first-page":"7298","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R44","first-page":"5337","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R45","first-page":"8714","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R46","first-page":"462","volume-title":"BioTechniques","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R47","first-page":"318","volume-title":"Nucleic Acids Res.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R48","first-page":"1683","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R49","first-page":"22479","volume-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R50","first-page":"3891","volume-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R51","first-page":"29120","volume-title":"J. Biol. Chem.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R52","first-page":"3195","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R53","first-page":"2038","volume-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R54","first-page":"497","volume-title":"J. Clin. Invest.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R55","first-page":"350","volume-title":"Nat. Med.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R56","first-page":"2450","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R57","first-page":"1160","volume-title":"Nat. Med.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R58","first-page":"959","volume-title":"Science","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R59","first-page":"160","volume-title":"Cell. Immunol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R60","first-page":"819","volume-title":"Eur. J. Immunol.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R61","first-page":"153","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R62","first-page":"2552","volume-title":"J. Clin. Invest.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R63","first-page":"1255","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020209114492000_R64","first-page":"4658","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/167\/3\/1654\/62546573\/1654.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/167\/3\/1654\/62546573\/1654.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T14:15:43Z","timestamp":1770041743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/167\/3\/1654\/8025562"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.167.3.1654","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]}}}