{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:51:06Z","timestamp":1791309066042,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We have revealed that 100\u2013200 clusters, filled with closely packed lymphocytes, can be found throughout the length of the antimesenteric wall of the mouse small intestine. They are composed of a large B cell area, including a germinal center, and epithelia overlying the clusters contain M cells. A large fraction of B cells displays B220+CD19+CD23+IgMlowIgDhighCD5\u2212Mac-1\u2212 phenotype, and the composition of IgA+ B cells is smaller but substantial. To our knowledge, these clusters are the first identification of isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF) in mouse small intestine. ILF can be first detected at 7 (BALB\/c mice) and 25 (C57BL\/6 mice) days after birth, and lymphoid clusters equivalent in terms of cellular mass to ILF are present in germfree, athymic nude, RAG-2\u2212\/\u2212, TCR-\u03b2\u2212\/\u2212, and Ig \u03bc-chain mutant (\u03bcm\u2212\/\u2212) mice, although c-kit+ cells outnumber B220+ cells in germfree and athymic nude mice, and most lymphoid residents are c-kit+B220\u2212 in RAG-2\u2212\/\u2212, TCR-\u03b2\u2212\/\u2212, and \u03bcm\u2212\/\u2212 mice. ILF develop normally in the progeny of transplacentally manipulated Peyer\u2019s patch (PP)-deficient mice, and decreased numbers of conspicuously atrophied ILF are present in IL-7R\u03b1\u2212\/\u2212 PPnull mice. Neither ILF nor PP are detectable in lymphotoxin \u03b1\u2212\/\u2212 and aly\/aly mice that retain well-developed cryptopatches (CP) and thymus-independent subsets of intraepithelial T cells, whereas ILF, PP, CP, and thymus-independent subsets of intraepithelial T cells disappear from common cytokine receptor \u03b3-chain mutant mice. These findings indicate that ILF, PP, and CP constitute three distinct organized gut-associated lymphoid tissues that reside in the lamina propria of the mouse small intestine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.1.57","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T22:25:14Z","timestamp":1398032714000},"page":"57-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":406,"title":["Identification of Multiple Isolated Lymphoid Follicles on the Antimesenteric Wall of the Mouse Small Intestine"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Hiromasa","family":"Hamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takachika","family":"Hiroi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidemi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Masunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Hachimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuichi","family":"Kaminogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Tokyo , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Takahashi-Iwanaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Iwanaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anatomy, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kiyono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mucosal Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromichi","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020208162642300_R1","first-page":"685","volume-title":"Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026020208162642300_R2","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Mucosal Immunology","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020208162642300_R3","first-page":"2222","volume-title":"Science","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026020208162642300_R4","first-page":"188","volume-title":"J. 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