{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:06:38Z","timestamp":1790762798182,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Natural killer cell-associated direct cytotoxicity and cytokine production are crucial mechanisms for early innate host resistance against viruses, bacteria, or protozoa. The engagement of inhibitory NK cell receptors can influence host responses to viruses. However, these receptors have not been investigated to date in parasitic infections, and little is known about the role of NK cells in the defense against helminths. Therefore, we have correlated the frequencies of cells expressing the pan-NK marker DX5 and subsets bearing inhibitory Ly-49 receptors with worm survival and cytokine production during infection with Litomosoides sigmodontis in BALB\/c mice (H2d), the only fully permissive model of filariasis. A marked influx of DX5+\/CD3\u2212 NK cells and DX5+\/CD3+ T cells into the pleural cavity, where the parasites were located, was observed. The frequency of pleural NK cells expressing the H2d-reactive inhibitory receptors Ly-49A, Ly-49C, or Ly-49G2 declined most strongly compared with spleen and blood. In the peripheral blood, longitudinal analysis revealed an early and stable reduction of Ly-49C+ and Ly-49G2+ NK cells, a subsequent significant increase of the entire NK cell and DX5+\/CD3+ T cell populations, and a reduction in the Ly-49A+ subset. The in vivo depletion of NK cells strongly enhanced the worm load and influenced IL-4 and IL-5 plasma levels. These data demonstrate a new role for NK cells in the host defense against filariae and, for the first time, alterations of Ly-49 receptor-expressing NK cell subsets in a parasitic infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.10.5199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T18:26:04Z","timestamp":1398018364000},"page":"5199-5206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Expansion of NK Cells with Reduction of Their Inhibitory Ly-49A, Ly-49C, and Ly-49G2 Receptor-Expressing Subsets in a Murine Helminth Infection: Contribution to Parasite Control"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Simone","family":"Korten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Volkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Saeftel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, and Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University , Chiba ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Fleischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achim","family":"Hoerauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020208181185700_R1","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Immunol. 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