{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:03:01Z","timestamp":1791295381862,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Shigella flexneri is a Gram-negative pathogen that invades and causes inflammatory destruction of the human colonic epithelium, thus leading to bloody diarrhea and dysentery. A type III secretion system that delivers effector proteins into target eukaryotic cells is largely responsible for cell and tissue invasion. However, the respective role of this invasive phenotype and of lipid A, the endotoxin of the Shigella LPS, in eliciting the inflammatory cascade that leads to rupture and destruction of the epithelial barrier, was unknown. We investigated whether genetic detoxification of lipid A would cause significant alteration in pathogenicity. We showed that S. flexneri has two functional msbB genes, one carried by the chromosome (msbB1) and the other by the virulence plasmid (msbB2), the products of which act in complement to produce full acyl-oxy-acylation of the myristate at the 3\u2032 position of the lipid A glucosamine disaccharide. A mutant in which both the msbB1 and msbB2 genes have been inactivated was impaired in its capacity to cause TNF-\u03b1 production by human monocytes and to cause rupture and inflammatory destruction of the epithelial barrier in the rabbit ligated intestinal loop model of shigellosis, indicating that lipid A plays a significant role in aggravating inflammation that eventually destroys the intestinal barrier. In addition, neutralization of TNF-\u03b1 during invasion by the wild-type strain strongly impaired its ability to cause rupture and inflammatory destruction of the epithelial lining, thus indicating that TNF-\u03b1 is a major effector of epithelial destruction by Shigella.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.10.5240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T18:26:04Z","timestamp":1398018364000},"page":"5240-5251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Two\n                    <i>msbB<\/i>\n                    Genes Encoding Maximal Acylation of Lipid A Are Required for Invasive\n                    <i>Shigella flexneri<\/i>\n                    to Mediate Inflammatory Rupture and Destruction of the Intestinal Epithelium"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"He\u0301le\u0300ne","family":"d\u2019Hauteville","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Pathoge\u0301nie Microbienne Mole\u0301culaire and Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale, Unite\u0301 389 , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Center for Veterinary Science, University of Cambridge , Cambridge ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duncan J","family":"Maskell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Center for Veterinary Science, University of Cambridge , Cambridge ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Kussak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institute, Clinical Research Center, Huddinge University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Weintraub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institute, Clinical Research Center, Huddinge University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Mathison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J","family":"Ulevitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Wuscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Recherche et d\u2019Expertise Histotechnologie et Pathologie, Institut Pasteur , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Parsot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Pathoge\u0301nie Microbienne Mole\u0301culaire and Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale, Unite\u0301 389 , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe J","family":"Sansonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Pathoge\u0301nie Microbienne Mole\u0301culaire and Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale, Unite\u0301 389 , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020208174435400_R1","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Molecular and Clinical Aspects of Bacterial Vaccine Development","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020208174435400_R2","first-page":"651","volume-title":"Bull. 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