{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:49:41Z","timestamp":1790232581833,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]],"date-time":"2002-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rotavirus is an acute enteric pathogen which induces severe diarrhea in infants and children. To determine the immune response to rotavirus in vivo, we used a mouse model of rotavirus infection. We observed dramatic increases in the sizes of both Peyer\u2019s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, but not spleen, between 1 and 6 days after infection with a homologous strain of murine rotavirus, EC wild type. Histological analysis showed large increases in the numbers of lymphocytes in these same tissues in rotavirus-infected mice. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed the increase in numbers of lymphocytes and revealed a large increase in the percentage of activated B, but not T, lymphocytes in both Peyer\u2019s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes of rotavirus-infected mice compared with control mice. Fragment cultures from these tissues established at 3\u20134 days postinfection contain rotavirus-specific IgM but not IgA Ab. A similar degree of lymphoid hyperplasia and percentage of activated B cells were observed in rotavirus-infected TCR knockout mice. Taken together, our findings show that rotavirus infection, in the context of a normal immune response, induces a large increase in the percentages of activated B cells in the absence of any detectable increase in the percentage of activated T cells, implicating a T cell-independent B cell response as the primary mechanism for initial rotavirus clearance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.11.5716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T22:43:29Z","timestamp":1398120209000},"page":"5716-5721","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Early Response to Rotavirus Infection Involves Massive B Cell Activation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Sarah E","family":"Blutt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly L","family":"Warfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy E","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret E","family":"Conner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Houston, TX 77030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020208175262600_R1","first-page":"308","volume-title":"Diseases of Importance in Developing Countries","year":"1986"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R2","first-page":"577","volume-title":"Morbid. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R3","first-page":"713","volume-title":"Viral Pathogenesis","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R4","first-page":"143","volume-title":"Virology","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R5","first-page":"4102","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R6","first-page":"917","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"1983"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R7","first-page":"2562","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R8","first-page":"447","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"1983"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R9","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Adv. Virus Res.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R10","first-page":"233","volume-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R11","first-page":"1806","volume-title":"Fields Virology","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R12","first-page":"3345","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"1987"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R13","first-page":"7800","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R14","first-page":"169","volume-title":"Virology","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R15","first-page":"4375","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"1990"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R16","first-page":"387","volume-title":"Virology","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R17","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol.","year":"1988"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R18","first-page":"8707","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R19","first-page":"722","volume-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol.","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R20","first-page":"1108","volume-title":"J. Infect. Dis.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R21","first-page":"1541","volume-title":"J. Clin. Invest.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R22","first-page":"1894","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R23","first-page":"380","volume-title":"Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R24","first-page":"2222","volume-title":"Science","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R25","first-page":"403","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020208175262600_R26","first-page":"257","volume-title":"Immunology of Infectious Disease","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/168\/11\/5716\/62551348\/5716.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/168\/11\/5716\/62551348\/5716.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T13:31:25Z","timestamp":1770039085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/168\/11\/5716\/8024523"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.168.11.5716","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]}}}