{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:41:45Z","timestamp":1790905305226,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]],"date-time":"2002-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1012521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The CD28 family member inducible costimulator protein (ICOS) has an important role in T cell differentiation and Ig class switching. To investigate the role of ICOS in vivo, ICOS\u2212\/\u2212 mice were infected s.c. with Leishmania mexicana. While wild-type mice developed large, cutaneous lesions, the growth of lesions and tissue histopathology was significantly delayed in ICOS\u2212\/\u2212 mice. ICOS\u2212\/\u2212 mice exhibited marked decreases in both Th1 and Th2 cytokine production and profound defects in L. mexicana-specific Ig isotype class switching to IgG1 and IgG2a and reduced total IgE levels. Our findings indicate that ICOS is a key regulator of both Th1 and Th2 responses and has a role in controlling cutaneous L. mexicana infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.3.991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T20:08:45Z","timestamp":1398024525000},"page":"991-995","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Cutting Edge: Inducible Costimulator Protein Regulates Both Th1 and Th2 Responses to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Rebecca J","family":"Greenwald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Division, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander J","family":"McAdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Division, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Van der Woude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Division, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhay R","family":"Satoskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlene H","family":"Sharpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Research Division, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020208165308200_R1","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Nature","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020208165308200_R2","first-page":"102","volume-title":"Nature","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020208165308200_R3","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Nature","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020208165308200_R4","first-page":"5035","volume-title":"J. 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