{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:57:43Z","timestamp":1791205063624,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]],"date-time":"2002-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1014940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>IFN-\u03b3 is a key cytokine controlling Brucella infection, and the diverse functions of this cytokine are mediated by IFN regulatory factors (IRFs) such as IRF-1, IRF-2, and IFN consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP). However, the roles of these three IRFs in Brucella infection have not been investigated. The infection of each IRF-deficient mouse strain provides an opportunity to determine not only the significance of each IRF molecule but also the crucial immune components necessary for host defense during in vivo infection, because respective IRF-deficient mouse strains contain unique immunodeficient phenotypes. Brucella \u00a0abortus S2308-infected IRF-1\u2212\/\u2212 mice were dead within 2 wk postinfection, while IRF-2\u2212\/\u2212 mice contained less splenic Brucella CFU than wild-type mice at the early stage of infection. Infected ICSBP\u2212\/\u2212 mice maintained a plateau of splenic Brucella CFU throughout the infection. Additional infection of IL-12p40-, NO synthase 2-, and gp91phox-deficient mice indicates that these immune components are crucial for Brucella immunity and may contribute to the susceptibility of IRF-1\u2212\/\u2212 and ICSBP\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Immunologic and histopathological analyses of infected IRF-1\u2212\/\u2212 mice indicate that the absence of IL-12p40 induction and serious hepatic damage are involved in the death of IRF-1\u2212\/\u2212 mice. These results indicate that 1) IRF-1 and ICSBP are essential transcriptional factors for IFN-\u03b3-mediated protection against Brucella; 2) IL-12, reactive nitrogen intermediates, and reactive oxygen intermediates are crucial immune components against Brucella, and their absence may contribute to the susceptibility of IRF-1\u2212\/\u2212 and ICSBP\u2212\/\u2212 mice; and 3) hepatic damage caused by Brucella virulence contributes to the death of IRF-1\u2212\/\u2212 mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.5.2433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T03:53:38Z","timestamp":1398138818000},"page":"2433-2440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Susceptibility of IFN Regulatory Factor-1 and IFN Consensus Sequence Binding Protein-Deficient Mice to Brucellosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Jinkyung","family":"Ko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Gendron-Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enzyme Institute, Research Animal Resource Center, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary A","family":"Splitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032712344122600_R1","first-page":"547","volume-title":"Topley and Wilson\u2019s Principles of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology","year":"1990"},{"key":"2025032712344122600_R2","first-page":"339","volume-title":"Topley and Wilson\u2019s Principles of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology","year":"1990"},{"key":"2025032712344122600_R3","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Microbiologia","year":"1996"},{"key":"2025032712344122600_R4","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Microbiologia","year":"1996"},{"key":"2025032712344122600_R5","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Vet. 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