{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T19:25:28Z","timestamp":1784748328180,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]],"date-time":"2002-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1014940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Treatment of cultured primary human thyroid cells with IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1 uniquely allows the induction of Fas-mediated apoptosis. To investigate the role of this cytokine combination in vivo, CBA\/J mice were immunized with thyroglobulin and then injected with IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1. Compared with control animals, mice treated with IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1 showed significantly sustained lymphocytic infiltration in the thyroid, which was associated with the destruction of portions of the follicular architecture at wk 6 after initial immunization. Furthermore, the number of apoptotic thyroid follicular cells was increased only in the thyroids from mice treated with the IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1. We also analyzed the function of the Fas pathway in vivo in cytokine-treated mice by using an agonist anti-Fas Ab injected directly into the thyroid. Minimal apoptosis of thyroid epithelial cells was observed unless the mice were pretreated with IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1. These data demonstrate that this unique combination of inflammatory cytokines facilitates the apoptotic destruction of thyroid follicular cells in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis, in a manner similar to what is observed in Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.5.2470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T03:53:38Z","timestamp":1398138818000},"page":"2470-2474","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["A Unique Combination of Inflammatory Cytokines Enhances Apoptosis of Thyroid Follicular Cells and Transforms Nondestructive to Destructive Thyroiditis in Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Su He","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D","family":"Bretz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Phelps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emese","family":"Mezosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia L","family":"Arscott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saho","family":"Utsugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"James R","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, MI 48109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032712342812700_R1","first-page":"1137","volume-title":"Science","year":"1971"},{"key":"2025032712342812700_R2","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Adv. 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