{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:04:00Z","timestamp":1790125440292,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]],"date-time":"2002-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1014940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine preparations have been shown to cause enhanced disease in naive hosts following natural infection. In this study we demonstrate a similar pattern of enhanced disease severity following primary RSV infection of IFN-nonresponsive STAT1\u2212\/\u2212 mice. STAT1\u2212\/\u2212 mice showed markedly increased illness compared with wild-type BALB\/c animals following RSV inoculation despite similar lung virus titers and rates of virus clearance. Histologically, STAT1\u2212\/\u2212 animals had eosinophilic and neutrophilic pulmonary infiltrates not present in wild-type or IFN-\u03b3\u2212\/\u2212-infected mice. In cytokine analyses of infected lung tissue, IFN-\u03b3 was induced in both STAT1\u2212\/\u2212 and wild-type mice, with preferential IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 induction only in the STAT1\u2212\/\u2212 animals. Eotaxin was detected in the lungs of both wild-type and STAT1\u2212\/\u2212 mice following infection, with a 1.7-fold increase over wild-type in the STAT1\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Using a peptide epitope newly identified in the RSV fusion protein, we were able to demonstrate that wild-type memory CD4+ T cells stimulated by this peptide produce primarily IFN-\u03b3, while STAT1\u2212\/\u2212CD4+ cells produce primarily IL-13. These findings suggest that STAT1 activation by both type I (\u03b1\u03b2) and type II (\u03b3) IFNs plays an important role in establishing a protective, Th1 Ag-specific immune response to RSV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.6.2944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T20:31:13Z","timestamp":1398025873000},"page":"2944-2952","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["The Role of IFN in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Joan E","family":"Durbin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital , Columbus, OH 43205"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa R","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell K","family":"Durbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital , Columbus, OH 43205"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara E","family":"Mertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital , Columbus, OH 43205"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaella A","family":"Morotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Research Institute, Children\u2019s Hospital , Columbus, OH 43205"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R Stokes","family":"Peebles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN 37232"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barney S","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020209081647900_R1","first-page":"2084","volume-title":"Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Disease","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020209081647900_R2","first-page":"449","volume-title":"Am. 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