{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T03:48:22Z","timestamp":1789444102012,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]],"date-time":"2002-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1017619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We investigated the pathogenesis of pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection and passive Ab efficacy in mice deficient in inducible NO synthase (NOS2\u2212\/\u2212) and the parental strain. Parental mice lived significantly longer than NOS2\u2212\/\u2212 mice after intratracheal infection, despite having a higher lung fungal burden. Administration of Ab reduced lung CFU in both NOS2\u2212\/\u2212 and parental mice, but prolonged survival and increased the inflammatory response only in parental mice. Ab administration was associated with increased serum nitrite and reduced polysaccharide levels in parental mice. Eosinophils were present in greater numbers in the lung of infected NOS2\u2212\/\u2212 mice than parental mice, irrespective of Ab administration. C. neoformans infection in NOS2\u2212\/\u2212 mice resulted in significantly higher levels of IFN-\u03b3, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1\u03b1 than parental mice. Ab administration had different effects on infected NOS2\u2212\/\u2212 and parental mice with respect to IFN-\u03b3, monocoyte chemoattractant protein-1, and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1\u03b1 levels. Ab administration increased lung levels of IFN-\u03b3 in parental mice and reduced levels in NOS2\u2212\/\u2212 mice. The results indicate that NO is involved in the regulation of cytokine expression in response to cryptococcal pneumonia and is necessary for Ab efficacy against C. neoformans in mice. Our findings indicate a complex relationship between Ab efficacy against C. neoformans and cytokine expression, underscoring the interdependency of cellular and humoral defense mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.7.3419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T20:08:54Z","timestamp":1398024534000},"page":"3419-3427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Antibody Efficacy in Murine Pulmonary\n                    <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>\n                    Infection: A Role for Nitric Oxide"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Johanna","family":"Rivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01605"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01605"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis M","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY 10461"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY 10461"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Casadevall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01605"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY 10461"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020209105971200_R1","first-page":"4225","volume-title":"Infect. 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