{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:47:59Z","timestamp":1791308879438,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]],"date-time":"2002-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1038700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The hallmark of Schistosoma mansoni infection is the formation of liver granulomas around deposited ova. The initiation of granuloma formation is T cell-dependent since granulomas are not formed in their absence. We investigated whether a few T cells arrive to initiate the inflammatory lesion and subsequently expand locally, or whether a large repertoire of systemically activated T cells home to the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction induced by the ova. The TCR repertoire of single granulomas from the same liver were analyzed by PCR using V\u03b2-specific primers and CDR3 analysis. Each granuloma has a very diverse TCR repertoire indicating that most of the T cells recruited to these lesions are activated systemically. At the same time, sequence analysis of individually sized CDR3 products from single granuloma indicate that a fraction of T cells expand locally at the lesion site. Using TCR transgenic mice containing a pigeon cytochrome c-specific T cell population or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection tracked with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific tetramers, we demonstrated that nonspecific T cells home to the granuloma if they are activated. However, recombinase-activating gene 2\u2212\/\u2212 pigeon cytochrome c-specific TCR transgenic mice fail to form granulomas in response to S. mansoni ova even after T cell activation, suggesting a requirement for egg-specific T cells in the initiation of these inflammatory lesions. Understanding the mechanism of T cell recruitment into granulomas has important implications for the rational design of immunotherapies for granulomatous diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.11.6386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T23:41:24Z","timestamp":1398037284000},"page":"6386-6393","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["CD4+ TCR Repertoire Heterogeneity in <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>-Induced Granulomas"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"Laura H","family":"Hogan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School , Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School , Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Suresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic O","family":"Co","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School , Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel V","family":"Weinstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matyas","family":"Sandor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School , Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032711490966100_R1","first-page":"250","volume-title":"Clin. 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