{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:34:43Z","timestamp":1791254083640,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]],"date-time":"2002-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Defensins comprise a family of cationic antimicrobial peptides that are characterized by the presence of six conserved cysteine residues. We identified two novel human \u03b2-defensin (hBD) isoforms by mining the public human genomic sequences. The predicted peptides conserve the six-cysteine motif identical with hBD-4, termed hBD-5 and hBD-6. We also evaluated the characteristics of the mouse homologs of hBD-5, hBD-6, and HE2\u03b21, termed mouse \u03b2-defensin (mBD)-12, mBD-11, and mouse EP2e (mEP2e). The mBD-12 synthetic peptide showed salt-dependent antimicrobial activity. We demonstrate the epididymis-specific expression pattern of hBD-5, hBD-6, mBD-11, mBD-12, and mEP2e. In situ hybridization revealed mBD-11, mBD-12, and mEP2e expression in the columnar epithelium of the caput epididymis, contrasting with the predominant expression of mBD-3 in the capsule or septum of the whole epididymis. In addition, the regional specificity of mBD-11, mBD-12, and mEP2e was somewhat overlapping, but not identical, in the caput epididymis, suggesting that specific regulation may work for each member of the \u03b2-defensin family. Our findings indicated that multiple \u03b2-defensin isoforms specifically and cooperatively contribute to the innate immunity of the urogenital system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.5.2516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T00:05:51Z","timestamp":1398125151000},"page":"2516-2523","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":183,"title":["Identification of Multiple Novel Epididymis-Specific \u03b2-Defensin Isoforms in Humans and Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Integrative Cell Biology, Department of Embryogenesis, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahide","family":"Nagase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Makita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Integrative Cell Biology, Department of Embryogenesis, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigetomo","family":"Fukuhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Integrative Cell Biology, Department of Embryogenesis, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuji","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Tominaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Kurihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Integrative Cell Biology, Department of Embryogenesis, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuyoshi","family":"Ouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032905540452400_R1","first-page":"1427","volume-title":"J. 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