{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T21:20:42Z","timestamp":1780608042244,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]],"date-time":"2002-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a recently developed mouse model for neurocysticercosis, the immune response was characterized by a massive influx of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and a type 1 pathway of cytokine expression. To understand the role of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells during this infection, the cellular and cytokine response was analyzed in mice that lack \u03b3\u03b4 T cells (TCR\u03b4\u2212\/\u2212). In TCR\u03b4\u2212\/\u2212 mice, Mesocestoides corti metacestodes preferentially invaded the extraparenchymal areas of the brain. Furthermore, parasites were able to escape from the brain and establish a systemic infection with liver and peritoneal involvement. Immunopathological studies indicated that TCR\u03b4\u2212\/\u2212 mice develop little inflammatory response and less neurological symptomatology. Significantly reduced numbers of T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells were present in the brain. The cytokine response in the brain of TCR\u03b4\u2212\/\u2212 mice appears to be a mixed type1\/type 2 response with low levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, and IFN-\u03b3. To further investigate the immunological significance of this cell population, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells were adoptively transferred into intracranially infected TCR\u03b4\u2212\/\u2212 mice. \u03b3\u03b4 T cells were specifically recruited into the CNS in response to this parasitic infection, and they were able to target the infected brain within 12 h after transfer. These results suggest that \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are key players in the immune response elicited during this CNS infection and direct a type 1 response in wild-type mice upon infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.6.3163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T21:59:03Z","timestamp":1398031143000},"page":"3163-3171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["\u03b3\/\u03b4 T Cell-Deficient Mice Exhibit Reduced Disease Severity and Decreased Inflammatory Response in the Brain in Murine Neurocysticercosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"Astrid E","family":"Cardona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, TX 78229"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy M","family":"Teale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, TX 78229"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020209213954500_R1","first-page":"399","volume-title":"Bull. 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