{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:01:45Z","timestamp":1770822105091,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1033430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The NF-\u03baB family of transcription factors is critical in controlling the expression of a wide range of immune response genes. However, whether individual family members perform specific roles in regulating immunity and inflammation remains unclear. Here we investigated the requirement for NF-\u03baB1, NF-\u03baB2, and c-Rel in the expression of Th2 cytokine responses, development of host protective immunity, and regulation of intestinal inflammation following infection with the gut-dwelling helminth parasite Trichuris muris. While mice deficient in c-Rel mounted sufficient Th2 responses to expel infection, NF-\u03baB1 knockout (KO) and NF-\u03baB2 KO mice developed chronic infections associated with elevated production of Ag-specific IFN-\u03b3. However, only infected NF-\u03baB1 KO mice exhibited polarized IFN-\u03b3 responses associated with the loss of intestinal goblet cells and the development of destructive colitis-like pathology. Furthermore, blockade of IL-12 (previously shown to confer resistance in susceptible strains) recovered Ag-specific IL-13 responses and resistance to infection in NF-\u03baB2 KO, but not NF-\u03baB1 KO mice. Therefore, unique infection, immunological, and pathological outcomes were observed in different NF-\u03baB KO strains. Taken together, these results provide direct evidence of nonoverlapping functions for NF-\u03baB family members in the development of Th2 cytokine-mediated resistance to T. muris and the control of infection-induced intestinal inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.8.4481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T20:03:53Z","timestamp":1398024233000},"page":"4481-4487","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Differential Requirement for NF-\u03baB Family Members in Control of Helminth Infection and Intestinal Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Artis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sagi","family":"Shapira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kendra M","family":"Speirs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Goldschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Caaman\u0303o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Center for Immune Regulation, School of Medicine, University of Birmingham , Birmingham ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsiou-Chi","family":"Liou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Cornell University Medical College , New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher A","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020209224242100_R1","first-page":"649","volume-title":"Annu. 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