{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T06:08:29Z","timestamp":1783404509674,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this study, we examine the effects of Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f), a major source of airborne allergens, on alveolar macrophages (AMs), and we also test its contribution to allergic responses in mice. Der f activated NF-\u03baB of AMs and, unlike OVA or LPS stimulation, up-regulated IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and NO. In addition, it down-regulated antioxidants, but affected neither the expression nor production of IL-12. Der f-stimulated AMs expressed enhanced levels of costimulatory B7 molecules, supported T cell proliferation, and promoted Th2 cell development. The enhanced accessory function was suppressed by blockade mAbs to B7.2, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1 and by N-monomethyl-l-arginine, an NO synthase inhibitor, and N-acetylcysteine, a thiol antioxidant, whereas it was augmented by (\u00b1)-S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, an NO donor. Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser peptide and neo-glycoproteins galactose-BSA and mannose-BSA inhibited the Der f-induced IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 productions and enhanced accessory function of AMs. Der f was more potent than OVA for inducing pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation, NO, and serum allergen-specific IgG1 Ab production in mice. AMs from Der f-challenged mice expressed enhanced levels of B7 and augmented T cell proliferation ex vivo. In Der f-challenged mice, respiratory syncytial virus infection (5 \u00d7 105 pfu; 3 days before Der f instillation) augmented Der f-specific Ab production, whereas dexamethasone (50 mg\/kg; 1 h before Der f instillation) diminished the allergic airway inflammation and Ab response. We conclude that AMs are sensitive targets for Der f and that the Der f-induced proinflammatory responses may represent an important mechanism in mediating the development of allergic sensitization and inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.1.528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T00:11:17Z","timestamp":1398125477000},"page":"528-536","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["House Dust Mite\n                    <i>Dermatophagoides farinae<\/i>\n                    Augments Proinflammatory Mediator Productions and Accessory Function of Alveolar Macrophages: Implications for Allergic Sensitization and Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"Chih-Long","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan ,","place":["Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Ting","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan ,","place":["Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan ,","place":["Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiu-Yao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan ,","place":["Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan-Yao","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan ,","place":["Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Keung","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan ,","place":["Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020210060731300_R1","first-page":"909","volume-title":"Clinical Immunology Principles and Practice","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020210060731300_R2","first-page":"B12","volume-title":"Nature","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020210060731300_R3","first-page":"593","volume-title":"Annu. 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