{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T05:55:40Z","timestamp":1774072540733,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,1]],"date-time":"2003-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1044057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although well studied in settings of helminth infection and allergen sensitization, the combined contributions of IL-4 and IL-13 and their signaling pathways in models of viral pathogenesis have not been reported. Using a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, we evaluated the contribution of IL-13, alone and in conjunction with IL-4, during immunization with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing RSV G glycoprotein (vvGs) or with formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV). We showed that both IL-4 and IL-13 activity must be inhibited to modulate G-specific responses resulting in severe RSV-induced disease. Inhibition of IL-4 or IL-13 activity alone had minimal impact on disease in vvGs-immunized mice. However, treatment of IL-4-deficient mice with IL-13Ra during vvGs immunization reduced IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin production and pulmonary eosinophilia after RSV challenge. In contrast, FI-RSV-induced immune responses were diminished when either IL-4 or IL-13 activity was blocked. After RSV challenge, these type 2 T cell responses were also diminished in vvGs-primed IL-4R\u03b1-deficient mice. Our data suggest that secreted vvGs uses mechanisms requiring signaling through the IL-4R\u03b1-chain by either IL-4 or IL-13 for induction of eosinophilia and is the first description of the relative contributions of IL-4, IL-13, and their receptors in viral pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.4.2037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T19:49:07Z","timestamp":1398109747000},"page":"2037-2045","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["IL-13 Is Sufficient for Respiratory Syncytial Virus G Glycoprotein-Induced Eosinophilia After Respiratory Syncytial Virus Challenge"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"Teresa R","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN 37232"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Biostatistics), Harvard University School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joyce E","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN 37232"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barney S","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, TN 37232"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020210112952200_R1","first-page":"532","volume-title":"Clin. 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