{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T02:23:17Z","timestamp":1770085397900,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]],"date-time":"2003-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Targeted disruption of T cell costimulatory pathways, particularly CD28 and CD40, has allowed for the development of minimally myeloablative strategies for the induction of mixed allogeneic chimerism and donor-specific tolerance across full MHC barriers. In this study we analyze in depth the ability of mixed allogeneic chimeras in two strain combinations to mount effective host-restricted and donor-restricted antiviral CD4 and CD8 responses, as well as the impact of development of mixed chimerism on the maintenance of pre-existing memory populations. While antiviral CD8 responses in mixed chimeras following acute viral infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Armstrong or vaccinia virus are largely host-restricted, donor-restricted CD8 responses as well as host- and donor-restricted CD4 responses are also readily detected, and virus is promptly cleared. We further demonstrate that selection of donor-restricted T cells in mixed chimeras is principally mediated by bone marrow-derived cells in the thymus. Conversely, we find that mixed chimeras exhibit a deficit in their ability to deal with a chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 infection. Encouragingly, pre-existing memory populations are largely unaffected by the development of high level mixed chimerism and maintain the ability to control viral rechallenge. Our results suggest that while pre-existing T cell memory and primary immunocompetence to acute infection are preserved in mixed allogeneic chimeras, MHC class I and\/or class II tissue matching may be required to fully preserve immunocompetence in dealing with chronic viral infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.5.2382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T21:32:44Z","timestamp":1398029564000},"page":"2382-2389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Primary and Secondary Immunocompetence in Mixed Allogeneic Chimeras"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"Matthew A","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, 30322"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew B","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, 30322"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melody B","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, 30322"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nozomu","family":"Shirasugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, 30322"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thandi M","family":"Onami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, 30322"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas C","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, 30322"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafi","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, 30322"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian P","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Transplant Center and Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, 30322"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020210072795300_R1","first-page":"400","volume-title":"Science","year":"1945"},{"key":"2026020210072795300_R2","first-page":"34","volume-title":"J. 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