{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:46:33Z","timestamp":1777614393871,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Dead cells accumulating in the tissues may contribute to chronic inflammation. We examined the cause of impaired apoptotic cell clearance in human and murine lupus. Dead cells accumulated in bone marrow from lupus patients but not from nonautoimmune patients undergoing myeloablation, where they were efficiently removed by macrophages (M\u03a6). Impaired apoptotic cell uptake by M\u03a6 also was seen in mice treated i.p. with pristane (develop lupus) but not mineral oil (MO) (do not develop lupus). The inflammatory response to both pristane and MO rapidly depleted resident (Tim4+) large peritoneal M\u03a6. The peritoneal exudate of pristane-treated mice contained mainly Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes; whereas in MO-treated mice, it consisted predominantly of a novel subset of highly phagocytic M\u03a6 resembling small peritoneal M\u03a6 (SPM) that expressed CD138+ and the scavenger receptor Marco. Treatment with anti-Marco\u2013neutralizing Abs and the class A scavenger receptor antagonist polyinosinic acid inhibited phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by CD138+ M\u03a6. CD138+ M\u03a6 expressed IL-10R, CD206, and CCR2 but little TNF-\u03b1 or CX3CR1. They also expressed high levels of activated CREB, a transcription factor implicated in generating alternatively activated M\u03a6. Similar cells were identified in the spleen and lung of MO-treated mice and also were induced by LPS. We conclude that highly phagocytic, CD138+ SPM-like cells with an anti-inflammatory phenotype may promote the resolution of inflammation in lupus and infectious diseases. These SPM-like cells are not restricted to the peritoneum and may help clear apoptotic cells from tissues such as the lung, helping to prevent chronic inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]],"date-time":"2017-07-11T00:35:19Z","timestamp":1499733319000},"page":"1261-1274","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["A Novel Subset of Anti-Inflammatory CD138+ Macrophages Is Deficient in Mice with Experimental Lupus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"Shuhong","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoyang","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stepan","family":"Shumyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5182-5369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingfan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Westley H","family":"Reeves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32610"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030614253372500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1276","article-title":"Resolution of inflammation: the beginning programs the end","volume":"6","author":"Serhan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199807)41:7<1241::AID-ART15>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Impaired phagocytosis of apoptotic cell material by monocyte-derived macrophages from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"41","author":"Herrmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200201)46:1<191::AID-ART10027>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Impaired uptake of apoptotic cells into tingible body macrophages in germinal centers of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"46","author":"Baumann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2006.05.019","article-title":"Immunohistochemical expression of activated caspase-3 as a marker of apoptosis in glomeruli of human lupus nephritis","volume":"48","author":"Jeruc","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-003-0827-x","article-title":"Glomerular cell apoptosis in human lupus nephritis","volume":"443","author":"Makino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38189","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 7-stimulated tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 causes bone marrow damage in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"66","author":"Zhuang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.014","article-title":"Autoimmunity and the clearance of dead cells","volume":"140","author":"Nagata","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/37022","article-title":"Immunosuppressive effects of apoptotic cells","volume":"390","author":"Voll","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115816","article-title":"Macrophage receptors and immune recognition","volume":"23","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1957","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in systemic autoimmune disease","volume":"6","author":"Marshak-Rothstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2545","article-title":"Immunogenic and tolerogenic cell death","volume":"9","author":"Green","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3A1013-538RR","article-title":"Phagocytosis of apoptotic or necrotic cells differentially regulates the transcriptional expression of IL-12 family members in dendritic cells","volume":"96","author":"Dixon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.03.010","article-title":"12\/15-lipoxygenase orchestrates the clearance of apoptotic cells and maintains immunologic tolerance","volume":"36","author":"Uderhardt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.06.018","article-title":"Apoptotic cells promote their own clearance and immune tolerance through activation of the nuclear receptor LXR","volume":"31","author":"A-Gonzalez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1416","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2014.375","article-title":"Activation-induced necroptosis contributes to B-cell lymphopenia in active systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"5","author":"Fan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314565413","article-title":"Increased DNA double-strand breaks and enhanced apoptosis in patients with lupus nephritis","volume":"24","author":"Souliotis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000083","article-title":"Beyond apoptosis in lupus","volume":"26","author":"Colonna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4777","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.7.4777","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis by the hydrocarbon oil pristane: implications for pristane-induced lupus","volume":"175","author":"Calvani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2012.719948","article-title":"Cell death and cytokine production induced by autoimmunogenic hydrocarbon oils","volume":"45","author":"Herman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101","article-title":"The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"25","author":"Tan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928","article-title":"Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"40","author":"Hochberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080462","article-title":"TLR7-dependent and FcgammaR-independent production of type I interferon in experimental mouse lupus","volume":"205","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2008.11.019","article-title":"A novel method to determine the engulfment of apoptotic cells by macrophages using pHrodo succinimidyl ester","volume":"342","author":"Miksa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2827","article-title":"Capturing adenylyl cyclases as potential drug targets","volume":"8","author":"Pierre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12023","article-title":"Inhibition of pilocarpine-induced saliva secretion by adrenergic agonists in ICR mice","volume":"39","author":"Imamura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40077","article-title":"Pathogenesis of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in murine lupus","volume":"69","author":"Zhuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.2165\/11593060-000000000-00000","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukaemia: optimal management and recent developments","volume":"71","author":"Villela","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4665","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300581","article-title":"Identification of a tissue-specific, C\/EBP\u03b2-dependent pathway of differentiation for murine peritoneal macrophages","volume":"191","author":"Cain","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1251414","article-title":"The transcription factor Gata6 links tissue macrophage phenotype and proliferative renewal","volume":"344","author":"Rosas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.04.016","article-title":"Tissue-specific signals control reversible program of localization and functional polarization of macrophages","volume":"157","author":"Okabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.57.3.361","article-title":"Review of the macrophage disappearance reaction","volume":"57","author":"Barth","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3695","article-title":"Macrophages: peritoneal population depends on GATA6","volume":"14","author":"Leavy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0915000107","article-title":"Two physically, functionally, and developmentally distinct peritoneal macrophage subsets","volume":"107","author":"Ghosn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm050","article-title":"A murine scavenger receptor MARCO recognizes polystyrene nanoparticles","volume":"97","author":"Kanno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12456","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.22.12456","article-title":"Role for the class A macrophage scavenger receptor in the phagocytosis of apoptotic thymocytes in vitro","volume":"93","author":"Platt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.242198","article-title":"Syndecan-1 displays a protective role in aortic aneurysm formation by modulating T cell-mediated responses","volume":"32","author":"Xiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.11.018","article-title":"Tissue-resident macrophage enhancer landscapes are shaped by the local microenvironment","volume":"159","author":"Lavin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e192","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-345330","article-title":"Transcriptomic analyses of murine resolution-phase macrophages","volume":"118","author":"Stables","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040801","article-title":"Saturated-efferocytosis generates pro-resolving CD11b low macrophages: modulation by resolvins and glucocorticoids","volume":"41","author":"Schif-Zuck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28693","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.4981","article-title":"Molecular and clinical profiles of syndecan-1 in solid and hematological cancer for prognosis and precision medicine","volume":"6","author":"Akl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6150","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800105105","article-title":"Antiinflammatory cAMP signaling and cell migration genes co-opted by the anthrax bacillus","volume":"105","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2014.09.004","article-title":"Murine antigen-induced inflammation--a model for studying induction, resolution and the adaptive phase of inflammation","volume":"415","author":"Tomasdottir","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2011.10.001","article-title":"Molecular functions of syndecan-1 in disease","volume":"31","author":"Teng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.122.4.941","article-title":"Post-transcriptional regulation of syndecan-1 expression by cAMP in peritoneal macrophages","volume":"122","author":"Yeaman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4117","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-12-129767","article-title":"Resolution-phase macrophages possess a unique inflammatory phenotype that is controlled by cAMP","volume":"112","author":"Bystrom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17475","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908641106","article-title":"A CREB-C\/EBPbeta cascade induces M2 macrophage-specific gene expression and promotes muscle injury repair","volume":"106","author":"Ruffell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39781","article-title":"A novel mechanism for generating the interferon signature in lupus: opsonization of dead cells by complement and IgM","volume":"68","author":"Zhuang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.2.595","article-title":"Cutting edge: macrophage inhibition by cyclic AMP (cAMP): differential roles of protein kinase A and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP-1","volume":"174","author":"Aronoff","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.12.001","article-title":"Fate mapping reveals origins and dynamics of monocytes and tissue macrophages under homeostasis. [Published erratum appears in 2013 Immunity 38: 1073\u20131079.]","volume":"38","author":"Yona","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.04.004","article-title":"Tissue-resident macrophages self-maintain locally throughout adult life with minimal contribution from circulating monocytes","volume":"38","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3671","article-title":"Monocytes and macrophages: developmental pathways and tissue homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00474-2","article-title":"Apoptotic cell removal","volume":"11","author":"Henson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00225","article-title":"Revisiting mouse peritoneal macrophages: heterogeneity, development, and function","volume":"6","author":"Cassado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2010.10.001","article-title":"TAM receptor signaling and autoimmune disease","volume":"22","author":"Rothlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402184","article-title":"Clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes","volume":"15","author":"Erwig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425910369271","article-title":"Review: soluble innate immune pattern-recognition proteins for clearing dying cells and cellular components: implications on exacerbating or resolving inflammation","volume":"16","author":"Litvack","year":"2010","journal-title":"Innate Immun."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070600","article-title":"Class A scavenger receptors regulate tolerance against apoptotic cells, and autoantibodies against these receptors are predictive of systemic lupus","volume":"204","author":"Wermeling","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S282","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R800066-JLR200","article-title":"The macrophage scavenger receptor at 30 years of age: current knowledge and future challenges","volume":"50","author":"Greaves","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801320","article-title":"A defect in marco expression contributes to systemic lupus erythematosus development via failure to clear apoptotic cells","volume":"182","author":"Rogers","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R9","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3230","article-title":"Anti-class a scavenger receptor autoantibodies from systemic lupus erythematosus patients impair phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages in vitro","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780029","article-title":"Human scavenger receptor B1 is involved in recognition of apoptotic thymocytes by thymic nurse cells","volume":"80","author":"Imachi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4345","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.7.4345","article-title":"Molecular circuits of resolution: formation and actions of resolvins and protectins","volume":"174","author":"Bannenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e110","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-08-520619","article-title":"Alternatively activated macrophages derived from monocytes and tissue macrophages are phenotypically and functionally distinct","volume":"123","author":"Gundra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.008","article-title":"Macrophage activation and polarization: nomenclature and experimental guidelines. [Published erratum appears in 2014 Immunity 41: 339\u2013340.]","volume":"41","author":"Murray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI79590","article-title":"Disabled homolog 2 controls macrophage phenotypic polarization and adipose tissue inflammation","volume":"126","author":"Adamson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2012.11.001","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of macrophage polarization and function","volume":"34","author":"Ivashkiv","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3508","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200662","article-title":"Efficient clearance of early apoptotic cells by human macrophages requires M2c polarization and MerTK induction","volume":"189","author":"Zizzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2015-0120OC","article-title":"Characterization of distinct macrophage subpopulations during nitrogen mustard-induced lung injury and fibrosis","volume":"54","author":"Venosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15642","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519644112","article-title":"CREB pathway links PGE2 signaling with macrophage polarization","volume":"112","author":"Luan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28899","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028899","article-title":"Disease progression in MRL\/lpr lupus-prone mice is reduced by NCS 613, a specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitor","volume":"7","author":"Keravis","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030614253372500_r71","first-page":"1224","article-title":"Apremilast for discoid lupus erythematosus: results of a phase 2, open-label, single-arm, pilot study","volume":"11","author":"De Souza","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Drugs Dermatol."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/199\/4\/1261\/61521394\/ji1700099.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/199\/4\/1261\/61521394\/ji1700099.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T16:20:34Z","timestamp":1741278034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/199\/4\/1261\/7964806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1700099","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}}}