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Recent studies have demonstrated that overcoming an immunosuppressive environment in tumor-bearing hosts is important to achieve efficient activation of antitumor immunity. Among the various types of cells involved in immunosuppression, it has been revealed that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are significantly increased in tumor-bearing hosts and play crucial roles in the immunosuppression in tumor-bearing hosts. In this study, we examined whether reovirus inhibits the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs, resulting in efficient activation of immune cells after in vivo administration. The results showed that splenic MDSCs recovered from PBS-treated tumor-bearing mice significantly suppressed the Ag-specific proliferation of CD8+ T cells. In contrast, the suppressive activity of MDSCs on T cell proliferation was significantly reduced after reovirus administration. Reovirus also inhibited the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs in IFN-\u03b2 promoter stimulator-1 knockout (KO) mice and in wild-type mice. In contrast, the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs in TLR-3 KO mice was not significantly altered by reovirus treatment. The activation levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly lower in TLR3 KO mice than in wild-type mice after reovirus administration. These results indicate that reovirus inhibits the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs in a TLR3, but not IFN-\u03b2 promoter stimulator-1, signaling-dependent manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]],"date-time":"2018-03-19T15:25:15Z","timestamp":1521473115000},"page":"2987-2999","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Oncolytic Reovirus Inhibits Immunosuppressive Activity of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in a TLR3-Dependent Manner"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"200","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Katayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka 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