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We report in this study that CCL19, a chemokine known to control lymphocyte migration and compartmentalization of lymphoid tissues in mammals, diversified in salmonids leading to the presence of six CCL19-like genes named CK10a, CK10b, CK12a, CK12b, CK13a, and CK13b. Salmonid CCL19-like genes all contain the DCCL-conserved motif but share low amino acid sequence identity. CK12 (but not CK10 or CK13) is constitutively expressed at high levels in all four trout MALT. Nasal vaccination with a live attenuated virus results in sustained upregulation of CK12 (but not CK10 or CK13) expression in trout nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue. Recombinant His-tagged trout CK12a (rCK12a) is not chemotactic in vitro but it increases the width of the nasal lamina propria when delivered intranasally. rCK12a delivered intranasally or i.p. stimulates the expression of CD8\u03b1, granulysin, and IFN-\u03b3 in mucosal and systemic compartments and increases nasal CD8\u03b1+ cell numbers. rCK12a is able to stimulate proliferation of head kidney leukocytes from Ag-experienced trout but not naive controls, yet it does not confer protection against viral challenge. These results show that local nasal production of CK12a contributes to antiviral immune protection both locally and systemically via stimulation of CD8 cellular immune responses and highlight a conserved role for CK12 in the orchestration of mucosal and systemic immune responses against viral pathogens in vertebrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T00:40:36Z","timestamp":1508805636000},"page":"3900-3913","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["CK12a, a CCL19-like Chemokine That Orchestrates both Nasal and Systemic Antiviral Immune Responses in Rainbow Trout"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Sepahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM 87131"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Tacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM 87131"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Casadei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM 87131"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0988-2770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumio","family":"Takizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott E","family":"LaPatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Clear Springs Foods , Buhl, ID 83316"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM 87131"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030614530914000_r1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Chemokines and chemokine receptors: their manifold roles in homeostasis and disease","volume":"1","author":"Le","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell. 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