{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:20:54Z","timestamp":1761844854445,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Intestinal amebiasis is a major cause of diarrhea. However, research on host\u2013amebae interactions has been hampered owing to a lack of appropriate animal models. Recently, a mouse model of intestinal amebiasis was established, and using it, we reported that Entamoeba moshkovskii colonized the intestine in a manner similar to that of the pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. In this study, we evaluated the protective mechanisms present against amebae using this model. CBA\/J mice infected with E. histolytica had a persistent infection without apparent symptoms. In contrast, E. moshkovskii\u2013infected mice rapidly expelled the ameba, which was associated with weight loss, diarrhea, and intestinal damage characterized by apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Expression of NKG2D on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and IFN-\u03b3\u2013producing cells in Peyer\u2019s patches were significantly induced after infection with E. moshkovskii but not with E. histolytica. IFN-\u03b3\u2013deficient mice infected with E. moshkovskii showed no obvious symptoms. Notably, none of these mice expelled E. moshkovskii, indicating that IFN-\u03b3 is responsible not only for intestinal symptoms but also for the expulsion of amebae. Furthermore, apoptosis of IECs and expression of NKG2D on IELs observed in E. moshkovskii\u2013infected mice did not occur in the absence of IFN-\u03b3. In vivo blocking of NKG2D in mice infected with E. moshkovskii enabled ameba to survive longer and remarkably reduced apoptotic IECs. Our results clearly demonstrate a novel protective mechanism exerted by IFN-\u03b3 against intestinal amebae, including induction of cytotoxicity of IELs toward IECs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]],"date-time":"2017-12-18T16:30:12Z","timestamp":1513614612000},"page":"1101-1109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Intestinal Inflammation-Mediated Clearance of Amebic Parasites Is Dependent on IFN-\u03b3"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"200","author":[{"given":"Chikako","family":"Shimokawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University , Maebashi 371-8511,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masachika","family":"Senba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Joint Usage\/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki 852-8523,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine , Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4329-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihoko","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunogenetics, Joint Usage\/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki 852-8523,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Obi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University , Maebashi 371-8511,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Olia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University , Maebashi 371-8511,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3881-8337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinjiro","family":"Hamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Joint Usage\/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki 852-8523,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Hisaeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University , Maebashi 371-8511,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030610012361200_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.4.713-729.2003","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis","volume":"16","author":"Tanyuksel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. 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