{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:00:28Z","timestamp":1790834428920,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Septic shock is accompanied by the development of immune dysfunctions whose intensity and duration are associated with increased risk of secondary infections and mortality. Although B lymphocytes play a pivotal role in the immune response to infections, no comprehensive exploration of circulating B cell status has been performed during the immunosuppressive phase of septic shock. Thus, our aim was to extensively characterize the phenotype and function of B cells in septic shock, including IL-10 production. Circulating B lymphocyte phenotype and function were evaluated by flow cytometry on fresh whole blood and after ex vivo stimulation in adult septic shock patients sampled at day 1, 3, and 6 after the onset of shock. The circulating B cell number was reduced in septic shock patients, whereas the B cell proportion among total lymphocytes was increased. The remaining circulating B lymphocytes presented with decreased MHC class II expression and increased CD21low CD95high exhausted-like phenotype but showed no change in maturation status. Circulating B cell functions were markedly altered after sepsis with reduced ex vivo activation and proliferation capacities. Finally, B cell response after septic shock was characterized by a clear plasmacytosis and an increased IL-10 production in remaining B cells from patients after ex vivo stimulation. During the sepsis-induced immunosuppression phase, B cell response is altered and is oriented toward an exhausted-like\/immunoregulatory profile. Further studies are now needed to confirm the immunoregulatory properties of B lymphocytes and evaluate their role in sepsis-induced immunosuppression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]],"date-time":"2018-02-19T11:50:18Z","timestamp":1519041018000},"page":"2418-2425","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Septic Shock Shapes B Cell Response toward an Exhausted-like\/Immunoregulatory Profile in Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"200","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4421-2983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claude-Alexandre","family":"Gustave","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]},{"name":"EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, PI3, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, bioM\u00e9rieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Joint Research Unit, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, bioM\u00e9rieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgane","family":"Gossez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]},{"name":"EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, PI3, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, bioM\u00e9rieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Joint Research Unit, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, bioM\u00e9rieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Demaret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]},{"name":"EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, PI3, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, bioM\u00e9rieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Joint Research Unit, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, bioM\u00e9rieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Rimmel\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, PI3, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, bioM\u00e9rieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Joint Research Unit, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, bioM\u00e9rieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Lepape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Intensive Care Unit, Lyon-Sud Hospital , 69310 Pierre-B\u00e9nite,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Malcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Poitevin-Later","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Jallades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hematology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Hospital , 69310 Pierre-B\u00e9nite,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3821-9337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Textoris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, PI3, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, bioM\u00e9rieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Joint Research Unit, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, bioM\u00e9rieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9961-5739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Monneret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]},{"name":"EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, PI3, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, bioM\u00e9rieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Joint Research Unit, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, bioM\u00e9rieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0462-4235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabienne","family":"Venet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Immunology Laboratory, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]},{"name":"EA 7426 Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, PI3, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, bioM\u00e9rieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Joint Research Unit, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, bioM\u00e9rieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital , 69437 Lyon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030610140334600_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025030610140334600_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208623","article-title":"Severe sepsis and 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Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610140334600_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0507310","article-title":"The role of B cells in the induction of peripheral T cell tolerance","volume":"82","author":"Ashour","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"2025030610140334600_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-074934","article-title":"Immune regulatory function of B cells","volume":"30","author":"Mauri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610140334600_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101715","article-title":"B cells enhance early innate immune responses during bacterial sepsis","volume":"208","author":"Kelly-Scumpia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. 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