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Using a murine model of persistent Lyme arthritis, we observed that bystander activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells leads to arthritis-promoting IFN-\u03b3, similar to the inflammatory environment seen in the synovial tissue of patients with posttreatment Lyme disease. TCR transgenic mice containing monoclonal specificity toward non\u2013Borrelia epitopes confirmed that bystander T cell activation was responsible for disease development. The microbial pattern recognition receptor TLR2 was upregulated on T cells following infection, implicating it as marker of bystander T cell activation. In fact, T cell\u2013intrinsic expression of TLR2 contributed to IFN-\u03b3 production and arthritis, providing a mechanism for microbial-induced bystander T cell activation during infection. The IL-10\u2013deficient mouse reveals a novel TLR2-intrinsic role for T cells in Lyme arthritis, with potentially broad application to immune pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]],"date-time":"2018-01-12T19:51:10Z","timestamp":1515786670000},"page":"1457-1470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["IL-10 Deficiency Reveals a Role for TLR2-Dependent Bystander Activation of T Cells in Lyme Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"200","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4354-4713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah K","family":"Whiteside","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1396-9254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy P","family":"Snook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F Lynn","family":"Sonderegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3688-6283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4045-2610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charisse","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James F","family":"Zachary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign , Urbana, IL 61802"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"June L","family":"Round","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew A","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7214-5987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janis J","family":"Weis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030610014435400_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ITC65","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC201605030","article-title":"Lyme disease","volume":"164","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. 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