{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T18:17:28Z","timestamp":1777054648025,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Generation of Ag-specific humoral responses requires the orchestrated development and function of highly specialized immune cells in secondary lymphoid organs. We used a multiparametric approach combining flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and histocytometry to analyze, for the first time to our knowledge in children, tonsils from seasonal influenza\u2013vaccinated children. We used these novel imaging assays to address the mucosal immune dynamics in tonsils investigating the spatial positioning, frequency, and phenotype of immune cells after vaccination. Vaccination was associated with a significantly higher frequency of follicular helper CD4 T cells compared with the unvaccinated control group. The imaging analysis revealed that potential suppressor (FOXP3hi) CD4 T cells are mainly located in extrafollicular areas. Furthermore, a significantly reduced frequency of both follicular and extrafollicular FOXP3hi CD4 T cells was found in the vaccine group compared with the control group. Levels of circulating CXCL13 were higher in those vaccinated compared with controls, mirroring an increased germinal center reactivity in the tonsils. Notably, a strong correlation was found between the frequency of tonsillar T follicular helper cells and tonsillar Ag-specific Ab-secreting cells. These data demonstrate that influenza vaccination promotes the prevalence of relevant immune cells in tonsillar follicles and support the use of tonsils as lymphoid sites for the study of germinal center reactions after vaccination in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]],"date-time":"2017-12-13T15:50:17Z","timestamp":1513180217000},"page":"538-550","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Quantitative Multiplexed Imaging Analysis Reveals a Strong Association between Immunogen-Specific B Cell Responses and Tonsillar Germinal Center Immune Dynamics in Children after Influenza Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"200","author":[{"given":"Donato","family":"Amodio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital-Research Institute , 00165 Rome,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , 00133 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7748-1581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Cotugno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital-Research Institute , 00165 Rome,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , 00133 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Macchiarulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital-Research Institute , 00165 Rome,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , 00133 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , 00133 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiannis","family":"Dimopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Rita","family":"Castrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Centre, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, National Institute of Health , 00161 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"De Vito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Histopathology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital-Research Institute , 00165 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filippo M","family":"Tucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital-Research Institute , 00165 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian B","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Immunogenicity Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Narpala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Immunogenicity Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital-Research Institute , 00165 Rome,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , 00133 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard A","family":"Koup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3066-4719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Congenital and Perinatal Infections, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital-Research Institute , 00165 Rome,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5067-5810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantinos","family":"Petrovas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030610010362100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101400","article-title":"Follicular helper CD4 T cells (TFH)","volume":"29","author":"Crotty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2015.02.007","article-title":"The regulation of T follicular helper responses during infection","volume":"34","author":"Butler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-041015-055605","article-title":"Follicular helper T cells","volume":"34","author":"Vinuesa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3281","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI63039","article-title":"CD4 T follicular helper cell dynamics during SIV infection","volume":"122","author":"Petrovas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2009.64","article-title":"Early commitment of na\u00efve human CD4(+) T cells to the T follicular helper (T(FH)) cell lineage is induced by IL-12","volume":"87","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.12.1373","article-title":"Subspecialization of CXCR5+ T cells: B helper activity is focused in a germinal center-localized subset of CXCR5+ T cells","volume":"193","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.1.68","article-title":"T follicular helper cells express a distinctive transcriptional profile, reflecting their role as non-Th1\/Th2 effector cells that provide help for B cells","volume":"173","author":"Chtanova","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-03-1206","article-title":"Unique gene expression program of human germinal center T helper cells","volume":"104","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5099","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.8.5099","article-title":"Role of CXCR5 and CCR7 in follicular Th cell positioning and appearance of a programmed cell death gene-1high germinal center-associated subpopulation","volume":"179","author":"Haynes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2426","article-title":"Follicular regulatory T cells expressing Foxp3 and Bcl-6 suppress germinal center reactions","volume":"17","author":"Chung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.12.012","article-title":"Human blood CXCR5(+)CD4(+) T cells are counterparts of T follicular cells and contain specific subsets that differentially support antibody secretion","volume":"34","author":"Morita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176ra32","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005191","article-title":"Induction of ICOS+CXCR3+CXCR5+ TH cells correlates with antibody responses to influenza vaccination","volume":"5","author":"Bentebibel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.09.007","article-title":"Circulating precursor CCR7(lo)PD-1(hi) CXCR5+ CD4+ T cells indicate Tfh cell activity and promote antibody responses upon antigen reexposure","volume":"39","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003853","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003853","article-title":"Loss of circulating CD4 T cells with B cell helper function during chronic HIV infection","volume":"10","author":"Boswell","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1520112113","article-title":"CXCL13 is a plasma biomarker of germinal center activity","volume":"113","author":"Havenar-Daughton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(98)01307-3","article-title":"Immunology of the tonsils","volume":"19","author":"Perry","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaag2285","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aag2285","article-title":"Follicular CD8 T cells accumulate in HIV infection and can kill infected cells in vitro via bispecific antibodies","volume":"9","author":"Petrovas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.07.011","article-title":"Histo-cytometry: a method for highly multiplex quantitative tissue imaging analysis applied to dendritic cell subset microanatomy in lymph nodes","volume":"37","author":"Gerner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.12.008","article-title":"Antibody but not memory B-cell responses are tuned-down in vertically HIV-1 infected children and young individuals being vaccinated yearly against influenza","volume":"32","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-6-3","article-title":"Human CD57+ germinal center-T cells are the major helpers for GC-B cells and induce class switch recombination","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20141432","article-title":"ICOS maintains the T follicular helper cell phenotype by down-regulating Kr\u00fcppel-like factor 2","volume":"212","author":"Weber","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.05.012","article-title":"OX40 ligand contributes to human lupus pathogenesis by promoting T follicular helper response","volume":"42","author":"Jacquemin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.01.010","article-title":"Optimal germinal center responses require a multistage T cell:B cell adhesion process involving integrins, SLAM-associated protein, and CD84","volume":"32","author":"Cannons","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4255","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.7.4255","article-title":"CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells inhibit the maturation but not the initiation of an autoantibody response","volume":"175","author":"Fields","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2425","article-title":"Foxp3+ follicular regulatory T cells control the germinal center response","volume":"17","author":"Linterman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201379","article-title":"Helios+ and Helios- cells coexist within the natural FOXP3+ T regulatory cell subset in humans","volume":"190","author":"Himmel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2420","article-title":"A multiply redundant genetic switch \u2018locks in\u2019 the transcriptional signature of regulatory T cells","volume":"13","author":"Fu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00937.x","article-title":"T cells and follicular dendritic cells in germinal center B-cell formation and selection","volume":"237","author":"Vinuesa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3533","article-title":"Defining antigen-specific plasmablast and memory B cell subsets in human blood after viral infection or vaccination","volume":"17","author":"Ellebedy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.10.011","article-title":"Stromal cell networks regulate lymphocyte entry, migration, and territoriality in lymph nodes","volume":"25","author":"Baj\u00e9noff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100913-013254","article-title":"Spatiotemporal basis of innate and adaptive immunity in secondary lymphoid tissue","volume":"30","author":"Qi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r32","first-page":"189","article-title":"Human germinal center CD4+CD57+ T cells act differently on B cells than do classical T-helper cells","volume":"4","author":"Bouzahzah","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636136","article-title":"Follicular B helper T cell activity is confined to CXCR5(hi)ICOS(hi) CD4 T cells and is independent of CD57 expression","volume":"36","author":"Rasheed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-07-585976","article-title":"Human T-follicular helper and T-follicular regulatory cell maintenance is independent of germinal centers","volume":"124","author":"Wallin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2013.62","article-title":"Priming of T follicular helper cells by dendritic cells","volume":"92","author":"Ballesteros-Tato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6169","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.10.6169","article-title":"Follicular dendritic cell regulation of CXCR4-mediated germinal center CD4 T cell migration","volume":"173","author":"Estes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7146","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06904-11","article-title":"Single and coexpression of CXCR4 and CXCR5 identifies CD4 T helper cells in distinct lymph node niches during influenza virus infection","volume":"86","author":"Elsner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501191","article-title":"Phenotypic and Morphological properties of germinal center dark zone Cxcl12-expressing reticular cells","volume":"195","author":"Rodda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501562","article-title":"Monocyte- and neutrophil-derived CXCL10 impairs efficient control of blood-stage malaria infection and promotes severe disease","volume":"196","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5586","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301319","article-title":"IFN priming is necessary but not sufficient to turn on a migratory dendritic cell program in lupus monocytes","volume":"192","author":"Rodriguez-Pla","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.08.016","article-title":"CXCR3 chemokine receptor-ligand interactions in the lymph node optimize CD4+ T helper 1 cell differentiation","volume":"37","author":"Groom","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2974","article-title":"The outs and the ins of sphingosine-1-phosphate in immunity","volume":"11","author":"Spiegel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22328","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.123299","article-title":"CD69 suppresses sphingosine 1-phosophate receptor-1 (S1P1) function through interaction with membrane helix 4","volume":"285","author":"Bankovich","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00167","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-2 antagonists: therapeutic potential and potential risks","volume":"7","author":"Blankenbach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20131666","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 is critical for follicular helper T cell retention in germinal centers","volume":"211","author":"Moriyama","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4805","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.7.4805","article-title":"STAT3-mediated up-regulation of BLIMP1 is coordinated with BCL6 down-regulation to control human plasma cell differentiation","volume":"180","author":"Diehl","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500335","article-title":"An inhibitory role for the transcription factor Stat3 in controlling IL-4 and Bcl6 expression in follicular helper T cells","volume":"195","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3734","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103246","article-title":"Bcl6 and Maf cooperate to instruct human follicular helper CD4 T cell differentiation","volume":"188","author":"Kroenke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.01.013","article-title":"The transcription factor KLF2 restrains CD4+ T follicular helper cell differentiation","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.03.002","article-title":"T follicular helper cells have distinct modes of migration and molecular signatures in naive and memory immune responses","volume":"42","author":"Suan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.11.020","article-title":"Persistent antigen and germinal center B cells sustain T follicular helper cell responses and phenotype","volume":"38","author":"Baumjohann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.07.015","article-title":"Follicular helper T cell differentiation requires continuous antigen presentation that is independent of unique B cell signaling","volume":"33","author":"Deenick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2456","article-title":"SLAM receptors and SAP influence lymphocyte interactions, development and function","volume":"9","author":"Schwartzberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2017.71","article-title":"IL4 and IL21 cooperate to induce the high Bcl6 protein level required for germinal center formation","author":"Chevrier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130604","article-title":"Follicular regulatory T cells control humoral autoimmunity via NFAT2-regulated CXCR5 expression","volume":"211","author":"Vaeth","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2016.88","article-title":"Functional RNAs control T follicular helper cells","volume":"62","author":"Ichimiya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6400","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705551114","article-title":"A distinct subpopulation of CD25(-) T-follicular regulatory cells localizes in the germinal centers","volume":"114","author":"Wing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-095948","article-title":"Tissue Tregs","volume":"34","author":"Panduro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111449","article-title":"Follicular dendritic cells help establish follicle identity and promote B cell retention in germinal centers","volume":"208","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2420","article-title":"Identification of CXCL13 as a new marker for follicular dendritic cell sarcoma","volume":"216","author":"Vermi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400952","article-title":"HIV-1 single-stranded RNA induces CXCL13 secretion in human monocytes via TLR7 activation and plasmacytoid dendritic cell-derived type I IFN","volume":"194","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-02-0701","article-title":"Monocyte-like and mature macrophages produce CXCL13 (B cell-attracting chemokine 1) in inflammatory lesions with lymphoid neogenesis","volume":"104","author":"Carlsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw230","article-title":"Live attenuated influenza vaccine in children induces B-cell responses in tonsils","volume":"214","author":"Mohn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.02.020","article-title":"Distinct memory CD4+ T cells with commitment to T follicular helper- and T helper 1-cell lineages are generated after acute viral infection","volume":"38","author":"Hale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030610010362100_r65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E416","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26041","article-title":"The starship children\u2019s hospital tonsillectomy: a further 10 years of experience","volume":"126","author":"Mahadevan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/200\/2\/538\/61498227\/ji1701312.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/200\/2\/538\/61498227\/ji1701312.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T10:10:28Z","timestamp":1741255828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/200\/2\/538\/7960738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1701312","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}}}