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Resistance is often caused by defects in the MHC class I Ag presentation pathway critical for CD8 T cell\u2013mediated tumor clearance. TAP and tapasin, both key players in the pathway, are frequently downregulated in human cancers, correlating with poor patient survival. Reduced dependence on these factors may promote vaccine efficiency by limiting immune evasion. In this study, we demonstrate that PMEL209\u2013217, a promising phase 3 trial\u2013tested antimelanoma vaccine candidate, is robustly presented by various TAP- and\/or tapasin-deficient cell lines. This striking characteristic may underlie its potency as a vaccine. Surprisingly, cytosolic proteasomes generate the peptide even for TAP-independent presentation, whereas tripeptidyl peptidase 2 (TPP2) efficiently degrades the epitope. Consequently, inhibiting TPP2 substantially boosts PMEL209\u2013217 presentation, suggesting a possible strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of the vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,22]],"date-time":"2018-08-22T09:55:17Z","timestamp":1534931717000},"page":"1875-1888","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Cytosolic Processing Governs TAP-Independent Presentation of a Critical Melanoma Antigen"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"201","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2761-2803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Vigneron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , Brussels B-1200 ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"de Duve Institute, University of Louvain , Brussels B-1200 ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Brussels B-1200 ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Violette","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , Brussels B-1200 ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"de Duve Institute, University of Louvain , Brussels B-1200 ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Brussels B-1200 ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4995-3270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beno\u00eet J","family":"Van den Eynde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , Brussels B-1200 ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"de Duve Institute, University of Louvain , Brussels B-1200 ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Brussels B-1200 ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0540-2351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Cresswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06519"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06519"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6673-8217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf M","family":"Leonhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06519"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417572979900_r1","first-page":"371","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy takes a multi-faceted approach to kick the immune system into gear","volume":"84","author":"Dimberu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Yale J. 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