{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T21:14:31Z","timestamp":1778015671365,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]],"date-time":"2003-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1070236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 (PPAR\u03b3) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that regulates cell growth, differentiation, and homeostasis. PPAR\u03b3 agonists are potent therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and inflammation. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a Th1 cell-mediated inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease model of multiple sclerosis. We have shown recently that PPAR\u03b3 agonists inhibit EAE by blocking IL-12 production, IL-12 signaling, and neural Ag-induced Th1 differentiation. In this study, we show that the PPAR\u03b3-deficient heterozygous mice develop an exacerbated EAE with prolonged clinical symptoms than the wild-type littermates, following immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) p35\u201355 peptide. The exacerbation of EAE in PPAR\u03b3+\/\u2212 mice associates with an increased expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and expression of CD40 and MHC class II molecules in response to MOGp35\u201355 Ag. The PPAR\u03b3+\/\u2212 mice also showed an increase in T cell proliferation and Th1 response to MOGp35\u201355 Ag than the wild-type littermates. These findings suggest that PPAR\u03b3 be a critical physiological regulator of CNS inflammation and demyelination in EAE and perhaps multiple sclerosis and other Th1 cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.11.5743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T01:32:01Z","timestamp":1398043921000},"page":"5743-5750","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-\u03b3-Deficient Heterozygous Mice Develop an Exacerbated Neural Antigen-Induced Th1 Response and Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"John J","family":"Bright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandramohan","family":"Natarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gladson","family":"Muthian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37212"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaavov","family":"Barak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald M","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute , La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032708434239300_R1","first-page":"204","volume-title":"Nat. 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