{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:32:10Z","timestamp":1791311530311,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]],"date-time":"2003-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1062374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>TNF-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infection. Here we asked whether TNF is required for postinfectious immunity in aerosol-infected mice. Chemotherapy for 4 wk commencing 2 wk postinfection reduced CFU to undetectable levels. While wild-type mice had a slight rise in CFU, but controlled infection upon cessation of chemotherapy, TNF-deficient mice developed reactivation of infection with high bacterial loads in lungs, spleen, and liver, which was fatal within 13\u201318 wk. The increased susceptibility of TNF-deficient mice was accompanied by diminished recruitment and activation of T cells and macrophages into the lung, with defective granuloma formation and reduced inducible NO synthase expression. Reduced chemokine production in the lung might explain suboptimal recruitment and activation of T cells and uncontrolled infection. Therefore, despite a massive reduction of the mycobacterial load by chemotherapy, TNF-deficient mice were unable to compensate and mount a protective immune response. In conclusion, endogenous TNF is critical to maintain latent tuberculosis infection, and in its absence no specific immunity is generated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.6.3110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T18:21:12Z","timestamp":1398018072000},"page":"3110-3118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Reactivation of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in TNF-Deficient Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Tania","family":"Botha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Technikon , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Ryffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Technikon , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020210221828100_R1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Tubercle","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026020210221828100_R2","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Bull. 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