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When exogenous rIL-12 was administered to T. spiralis-infected NIH mice, this resulted in significant suppression of intestinal mast cell responses, delayed worm expulsion, increased muscle larvae burdens, and a transient, but significant decrease in early Th2 cytokine secretion. rIL-12 treatment also altered chemokine expression in the jejunal mucosa. The effects of exogenous IL-12 administration were largely independent of IFN-\u03b3 as shown by rIL-12 treatment of IFN-\u03b3 knockout mice. Hence, IL-12 may play a significant biological role as a direct negative regulator of intestinal Th2 responses and may act to promote the survival of intestinal parasites in vivo also in the absence of IFN-\u03b3.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.7.3691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T23:19:35Z","timestamp":1398035975000},"page":"3691-3696","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["IFN-\u03b3-Independent Effects of IL-12 During Intestinal Nematode Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Helena","family":"Helmby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard K","family":"Grencis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020210202743300_R1","first-page":"329","volume-title":"Immunology","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026020210202743300_R2","first-page":"505","volume-title":"Annu. 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