{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:27:35Z","timestamp":1791217655973,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]],"date-time":"2003-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1064966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, Listeria monocytogenes (LM)-vaccinated perforin-deficient (PKO) mice have elevated levels of CD8+ T cell memory, but exhibit reduced levels of protection against virulent LM. In this study, Ag-specific CD8+ T cells from LM-vaccinated WT and PKO mice were used in adoptive transfer assays to determine the contribution of perforin-dependent cytolysis in protective immunity to LM. Perforin deficiency resulted in an \u223c5-fold reduction in the per-cell protective capacity of Ag-specific memory CD8+ T cells that was not caused by differences in memory cell quality as measured by CD62L\/CD27 expression, TCR repertoire use, functional avidity, differences in expansion of Ag-specific cells upon infection, or maintenance of memory levels over time. However, perforin-deficient CD8+ T cells exhibited reduced in vivo cytotoxic function compared to WT CD8+ T cells. Consistent with the existence of perforin-independent effector pathways, double-vaccinated PKO mice were as resistant to challenge with LM as single-vaccinated WT mice. Thus, increasing the number of memory CD8+ T cells can overcome diminished per-cell protective immunity in the absence of perforin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.8.4254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T20:53:23Z","timestamp":1398027203000},"page":"4254-4262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Deficient Anti-Listerial Immunity in the Absence of Perforin Can Be Restored by Increasing Memory CD8+ T Cell Numbers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Kelly A Nordyke","family":"Messingham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir P","family":"Badovinac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T","family":"Harty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020210174681400_R1","first-page":"509","volume-title":"Immunobiology","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026020210174681400_R2","first-page":"1113","volume-title":"Infect. 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