{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:36:21Z","timestamp":1791408981824,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), the most frequent of glomerular diseases in children, remain elusive, although recent arguments suggest that T cell dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. Recently, we reported that activated T cells of these patients display a down-regulation of IL-12R \u03b22 chain, suggesting an early commitment toward Th2 phenotype. In this study, we show that the short form of the proto-oncogene c-maf, a known activator of the IL-4 gene, is highly induced in MCNS T cells during relapse, where it translocates to the nuclear compartment and binds to the DNA responsive element. Unexpectedly, the nuclear localization of c-maf did not promote the IL-4 gene transcription in relapse. Using several approaches, we show in this study that RelA blunts IL-4 induction in T cells during the relapse in these patients. We demonstrate that the ex vivo inhibition of proteasome activity in T cells from relapse, which blocks NF-\u03baB activity, strongly increases the IL-4 mRNA levels. Overexpression of c-maf in T cells induces a high level of IL-4 promoter-driven luciferase activity. In contrast, coexpression of c-maf with NF-\u03baB RelA\/p50, or RelA, but not p50, inhibits the c-maf-dependent IL-4 promoter activity. Finally, we demonstrated that, in T cell overexpressing RelA and c-maf, RelA expelled c-maf from its DNA binding site on IL-4 gene promoter, which results in active inhibition of IL-4 gene transcription. Altogether, these results suggest that the involvement of c-maf in Th2 commitment in MCNS operates through IL-4-independent mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.1.688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T21:58:30Z","timestamp":1398031110000},"page":"688-698","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["NF-\u03baB p65 Antagonizes IL-4 Induction by c-\n                    <i>maf<\/i>\n                    in Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Asta","family":"Valanciute\u0301","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale, Unite\u0301 581 , Cre\u0301teil ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"le Gouvello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale, Unite\u0301 581 , Cre\u0301teil ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Service d\u2019Immunologie-Biologique, Universite\u0301 Paris XII , Cre\u0301teil ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Solhonne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale, Unite\u0301 581 , Cre\u0301teil ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre\u0301","family":"Pawlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale, Unite\u0301 581 , Cre\u0301teil ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Grimbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale, Unite\u0301 581 , Cre\u0301teil ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Lyonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019Immunologie-Biologique, Universite\u0301 Paris XII , Cre\u0301teil ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Hue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019Immunologie-Biologique, Universite\u0301 Paris XII , Cre\u0301teil ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Ne\u0301phrologie Adulte, Ho\u0302pital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Universite\u0301 Paris XII , Cre\u0301teil ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Remy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Ne\u0301phrologie Adulte, Ho\u0302pital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Universite\u0301 Paris XII , Cre\u0301teil ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Re\u0301my","family":"Salomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Ne\u0301phrologie, Ho\u0302pital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Bensman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Ne\u0301phrologie, Ho\u0302pital Armand Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Guellae\u0308n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale, Unite\u0301 581 , Cre\u0301teil ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Djillali","family":"Sahali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale, Unite\u0301 581 , Cre\u0301teil ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Service de Ne\u0301phrologie Adulte, Ho\u0302pital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Universite\u0301 Paris XII , Cre\u0301teil ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020211234365800_R1","first-page":"174","volume-title":"Curr. 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