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We examined the role of TNF in the development of inflammatory autoimmune disorders resembling systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjo\u0308gren\u2019s syndrome induced by excess B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF), by generating BAFF-transgenic (Tg) mice lacking TNF. TNF\u2212\/\u2212 BAFF-Tg mice resembled TNF\u2212\/\u2212 mice, in that they lacked B cell follicles, follicular dendritic cells, and germinal centers, and have impaired responses to T-dependent Ags. Nevertheless, TNF\u2212\/\u2212 BAFF-Tg mice developed autoimmune disorders similar to that of BAFF-Tg mice. Disease in TNF\u2212\/\u2212 BAFF-Tg mice correlates with the expansion of transitional type 2 and marginal zone B cell populations and enhanced T-independent immune responses. TNF deficiency in BAFF-Tg mice also led to a surprisingly high incidence of B cell lymphomas (&amp;gt;35%), which most likely resulted from the combined effects of BAFF promotion of neoplastic B cell survival, coupled with lack of protective antitumor defense by TNF. Thus, TNF appears to be dispensable for BAFF-mediated autoimmune disorders and may, in fact, counter any proneoplastic effects of high levels of BAFF in diseases such as Sjo\u0308gren\u2019s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.2.812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T20:30:46Z","timestamp":1398025846000},"page":"812-822","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["TNF Deficiency Fails to Protect BAFF Transgenic Mice against Autoimmunity and Reveals a Predisposition to B Cell Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Marcel","family":"Batten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arthritis and Inflammation, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst , New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arthritis and Inflammation, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst , New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lai Guan","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arthritis and Inflammation, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst , New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Groom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arthritis and Inflammation, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst , New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Wheway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arthritis and Inflammation, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst , New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yacine","family":"Laa\u0302bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Lymphocyte Development, Pasteur Institute , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoguan","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arthritis and Inflammation, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst , New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Cooperative Research Center for Asthma , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne , Epalinges ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jurg","family":"Tschopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne , Epalinges ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles R","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arthritis and Inflammation, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst , New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Cooperative Research Center for Asthma , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arthritis and Inflammation, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst , New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Cooperative Research Center for Asthma , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020214122568900_R1","first-page":"487","volume-title":"Cell","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020214122568900_R2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Curr. 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