{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:55:43Z","timestamp":1790913343308,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CD4+ T cells predominate in early lesions in the CNS in the inflammatory disease human lymphotropic T cell virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP), but the pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear and the HTLV-I-specific CD4+ T cell response has been little studied. We quantified the IFN-\u03b3-producing HTLV-I-specific CD4+ T cells, in patients with HAM\/TSP and in asymptomatic carriers with high proviral load, to test two hypotheses: that HAM\/TSP patients and asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers with a similar proviral load differ in the immunodominance hierarchy or the total frequency of specific CD4+ T cells, and that HTLV-I-specific CD4+ T cells are preferentially infected with HTLV-I. The strongest CD4+ T cell response in both HAM\/TSP patients and asymptomatic carriers was specific to Env. This contrasts with the immunodominance of Tax in the HTLV-I-specific CD8+ T cell response. The median frequency of HTLV-I-specific IFN-\u03b3+ CD4+ T cells was 25-fold greater in patients with HAM\/TSP (p = 0.0023, Mann-Whitney) than in asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers with a similar proviral load. Furthermore, the frequency of CD4+ T cells infected with HTLV-I (expressing Tax protein) was significantly greater (p = 0.0152, Mann-Whitney) among HTLV-I-specific cells than CMV-specific cells. These data were confirmed by quantitative PCR for HTLV-I DNA. We conclude that the high frequency of specific CD4+ T cells was associated with the disease HAM\/TSP, and did not simply reflect the higher proviral load that is usually found in HAM\/TSP patients. Finally, we conclude that HTLV-I-specific CD4+ T cells are preferentially infected with HTLV-I.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.3.1735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T21:08:36Z","timestamp":1398028116000},"page":"1735-1743","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I)-Specific CD4+ T Cells: Immunodominance Hierarchy and Preferential Infection with HTLV-I"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Peter K C","family":"Goon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Imperial College London , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadahiko","family":"Igakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Imperial College London , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Hanon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Imperial College London , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelina J","family":"Mosley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Imperial College London , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Barfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Imperial College London , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda L","family":"Barnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Imperial College London , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lambrini","family":"Kaftantzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Imperial College London , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuetsu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Okinawa-Asia Research Center of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukus , Okinawa ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham P","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genito-Urinary Medicine and Communicable Diseases, Imperial College London , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan N","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genito-Urinary Medicine and Communicable Diseases, Imperial College London , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles R M","family":"Bangham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Imperial College London , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020211222266000_R1","first-page":"7415","volume-title":"Proc. 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