{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T19:51:22Z","timestamp":1771530682344,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) is the leading cause of death in the setting of AIDS. MTb enhances the pathogenicity and accelerates the course of HIV disease and, furthermore, infection with HIV-1 increases the risk of reactivation or reinfection with MTb. In this study, we show that host-specific recall responses to one pathogen, MTb, has a direct effect upon the regulation of a second pathogen, HIV-1. Using cells from immunocompetent former tuberculosis (TB) patients who displayed either a persistently positive (responsive) or negative (anergic), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to intradermal injection of purified protein derivative (PPD), we investigated the effect of recall Ags to MTb upon the replication of HIV-1 primary isolates in vitro. We show that HIV-1 replication of a T cell-tropic isolate was significantly impaired in MTb-stimulated PBMC from PPD-anergic donors. Furthermore, these donors displayed a significant increase in CD8+ T cells and IL-10 levels and lower levels of IL-2 and TNF-\u03b1 relative to PPD-responsive donors in response to PPD stimulation. Strikingly, CD8+ T cell depletion and blocking of IL-10 significantly increased HIV-1 replication in these PPD-anergic donors, indicating that an immunosuppressive response to MTb recall Ags inhibits HIV-1 replication in PPD-anergic individuals. Therefore, immunotherapeutic approaches aimed at recapitulating Ag-specific MTb anergy in vivo could result in novel and effective approaches to inhibit HIV-1 disease progression in MTb\/HIV-1 coinfection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.3.1953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T21:08:36Z","timestamp":1398028116000},"page":"1953-1959","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n                    Recall Antigens Suppress HIV-1 Replication in Anergic Donor Cells via CD8+ T Cell Expansion and Increased IL-10 Levels"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Shahin","family":"Ranjbar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Blood Research and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nary","family":"Ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Virologie, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge , Phnom Penh ,","place":["Cambodia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sok","family":"Thim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambodian Health Committee , Phnom Penh ,","place":["Cambodia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Reynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Virologie, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge , Phnom Penh ,","place":["Cambodia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne E","family":"Goldfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Blood Research and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020211205899100_R1","first-page":"144","volume-title":"The World Health Report 2001","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020211205899100_R2","volume-title":"Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis, Protection, and Control","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026020211205899100_R3","first-page":"1174","volume-title":"N. 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