{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:50:19Z","timestamp":1791294619878,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]],"date-time":"2004-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1080777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mononuclear phagocytes can be used by intracellular pathogens to disseminate throughout the host. In the bloodstream these cells are generically referred to as monocytes. However, blood monocytes are a heterogeneous population, and the exact identity of the leukocyte(s) relevant for microbial spreading is not known. Experiments reported in this study used Listeria monocytogenes-infected mice to establish the phenotype of parasitized blood leukocytes and to test their role in systemic dissemination of intracellular bacteria. More than 90% of the blood leukocytes that were associated with bacteria were CD11b+ mononuclear cells. Analysis of newly described monocyte subsets showed that most infected cells belonged to the Ly-6Chigh monocyte subset and that Ly-6Chigh and Ly-6Cneg-low monocytes harbored similar numbers of bacteria per cell. Interestingly, systemic infection with wild-type or \u0394actA mutants of L. monocytogenes, both of which escape from phagosomes and replicate intracellularly, caused expansion of the Ly-6Chigh subset. In contrast, this was not evident after infection with \u0394hly mutants, which neither escape phagosomes nor replicate intracellularly. Importantly, when CD11b+ leukocytes were isolated from the brains of lethally infected mice, 88% of these cells were identified as Ly-6Chigh monocytes. Kinetic analysis showed a significant influx of Ly-6Chigh monocytes into the brain 2 days after systemic infection. This coincided with both bacterial invasion and up-regulation of brain macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 gene expression. These data indicate that the Ly-6Chigh monocyte subset transports L. monocytogenes into the brain and establish their role as Trojan horses in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.7.4418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T21:56:20Z","timestamp":1398030980000},"page":"4418-4424","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["The Ly-6Chigh Monocyte Subpopulation Transports\n                    <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>\n                    into the Brain during Systemic Infection of Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Douglas A","family":"Drevets","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Oklahoma City, OK 73014"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn J","family":"Dillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Oklahoma City, OK 73014"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S","family":"Schawang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Oklahoma City, OK 73014"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"van Rooijen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Free University Medical Center , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Ehrchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, University of Mu\u0308nster , Mu\u0308nster ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cord","family":"Sunderko\u0308tter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, University of Mu\u0308nster , Mu\u0308nster ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Ulm , Ulm ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter J M","family":"Leenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC , Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032708030479100_R1","first-page":"1595","volume-title":"Eur. 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