{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T05:20:53Z","timestamp":1770096053807,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]],"date-time":"2004-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Interleukin-9 is an immunoregulatory cytokine implicated in the development of asthma and allergy. To investigate the role of IL-9 in vivo, we have generated transgenic mice in which IL-9 is expressed from its own promoter. Strikingly, overexpression of IL-9 resulted in premature mortality associated with a complex phenotype characterized by the development of autoantibodies, hydronephrosis, and T cell lymphoma. By intercrossing IL-9 transgenic mice with a panel of Th2 cytokine-deficient mice, we demonstrate that these disorders represent distinct phenotypes that can be dissociated by their differential dependence on Th2 cytokines. Autoantibody production was ablated in IL-9 transgenic animals with a combined absence of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, coincident with a reduction in peritoneal B-1 cells. Hydronephrosis arose in 75% of IL-9 transgenic animals and was dependent on the presence of IL-4 and IL-13. In contrast, T cell lymphomas developed independently of the other Th2 cytokines, with the generation of rapidly proliferating CD8+ or CD4+CD8+ T cell clones that arose in the thymus before infiltrating both lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. Our data highlight potentially important new roles for IL-9, through its regulation of downstream Th2 effector cytokines, in autoantibody production and in hydronephrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.1.113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T21:09:13Z","timestamp":1398028153000},"page":"113-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Lymphomagenesis, Hydronephrosis, and Autoantibodies Result from Dysregulation of IL-9 and Are Differentially Dependent on Th2 Cytokines"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Angus J","family":"Lauder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen E","family":"Jolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippa","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose\u0301 G","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Wisden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth G C","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital , Cambridge ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayan","family":"Dasvarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Padraic G","family":"Fallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunomodulation Group, Department of Biochemistry, Trinity College , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew N J","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020212071358800_R1","first-page":"363","volume-title":"J. 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