{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:32:12Z","timestamp":1791174732025,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]],"date-time":"2004-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni develop polarized Th2 responses in which Th1 responses are prevented by IL-10-mediated suppression of IL-12 production. We show that dendritic cells from infected mice are primed to make IL-12 in response to CD40 ligation, and that IL-10 acts by inhibiting this process. In infected mice, two subpopulations of CD4+ cells, separable by their expression of CD25, make IL-10. CD25+CD4+ cells expressed forkhead box P3, inhibited proliferation of CD4+ T cells, and made IL-10, but little IL-5. In contrast, CD25\u2212CD4+ cells failed to express forkhead box P3 or to inhibit proliferation and accounted for all the IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13 produced by unseparated splenic populations. Thus, CD25+ and CD25\u2212 subpopulations could be characterized as regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and Th2 cells, respectively. Consistent with their ability to make IL-10, both CD25+ and CD25\u2212CD4+ T cells from infected mice were able, when stimulated with egg Ag, to suppress IL-12 production by CD40 agonist-stimulated dendritic cells. Additionally, in adoptive transfer experiments, both CD4+ subpopulations of cells were able to partially inhibit the development of Th1 responses in egg-immunized IL-10\u2212\/\u2212 mice. The relationship of Treg cells in infected mice to natural Treg cells was strongly suggested by the ability of CD25+CD4+ cells from naive mice to inhibit Th1 response development when transferred into egg-immunized or infected IL-10\u2212\/\u2212 mice. The data suggest that natural Treg cells and, to a lesser extent, Th2 cells play roles in suppressing Th1 responses and ensuring Th2 polarization during schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.2.1224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T19:37:22Z","timestamp":1398022642000},"page":"1224-1231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":198,"title":["CD25+CD4+ Cells Contribute to Th2 Polarization during Helminth Infection by Suppressing Th1 Response Development"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Amy S","family":"McKee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine , Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020212093536900_R1","first-page":"1322","volume-title":"J. 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