{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:12:04Z","timestamp":1791231124359,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]],"date-time":"2004-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1088640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen whose replication in macrophages is mainly controlled by IFN-\u03b3. Freshly isolated peritoneal macrophages elicited in vivo with thioglycolate (TG) from A\/J mice are highly permissive to L. pneumophila growth in vitro, while TG-elicited macrophages from CD1 mice are resistant. In this study, we show that when CD1 TG-macrophages are cultured for 7 days, they become permissive to Legionella infection. We demonstrate that treatment with type I IFN (IFN-\u03b1\u03b2) totally inhibits the growth of L. pneumophila in both freshly isolated A\/J and in vitro-aged CD1 TG-macrophages. IFN-\u03b1\u03b2 protective effect on permissive macrophages was comparable to that induced by IFN-\u03b3. Even low doses of either IFN-\u03b1 or IFN-\u03b2 alone were effective in inhibiting L. pneumophila multiplication in macrophage cultures. Notably, treatment of resistant, freshly isolated CD1 TG-macrophages with Ab to mouse IFN-\u03b1\u03b2 significantly enhanced their susceptibility to Legionella infection in vitro, thus implying a role of endogenous IFN-\u03b1\u03b2 in mediating the natural resistance of macrophages to L. pneumophila infection. Finally, addition of anti-IFN-\u03b3-neutralizing Ab did not restore Legionella growth in IFN-\u03b1- or IFN-\u03b2-treated A\/J or CD1 permissive macrophages, indicating that IFN-\u03b1\u03b2 effect was not mediated by IFN-\u03b3. This observation was further confirmed by the finding that IFN-\u03b1\u03b2 was effective in inhibiting L. pneumophila replication in macrophages from IFN-\u03b3 receptor-deficient mice. Taken together, our results provide the first evidence for a role of IFN-\u03b1\u03b2 in the control of L. pneumophila infection in mouse models of susceptible macrophages and suggest the existence of different pathways for the control of intracellular bacteria in macrophages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.2.1266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T19:37:22Z","timestamp":1398022642000},"page":"1266-1275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Type I IFN Protects Permissive Macrophages from\n                    <i>Legionella pneumophila<\/i>\n                    Infection through an IFN-\u03b3-Independent Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Schiavoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita\u2019 , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Mauri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Center for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Carlei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita\u2019 , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Belardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita\u2019 , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maddalena","family":"Castellani Pastoris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Bacteriology and Medical Mycology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita\u2019 , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Proietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanita\u2019 , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020212095101200_R1","first-page":"p. 159","volume-title":"Legionellosis","year":"1985"},{"key":"2026020212095101200_R2","first-page":"1138","volume-title":"Arch. 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