{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:34:59Z","timestamp":1790843699980,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]],"date-time":"2004-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Celiac disease is an HLA-DQ2-associated disorder characterized by intestinal T cell responses to ingested wheat gluten proteins. A peptide fragment of 33 residues (\u03b12-gliadin 56\u201388) produced by normal gastrointestinal proteolysis contains six partly overlapping copies of three T cell epitopes and is a remarkably potent T cell stimulator after deamidation by tissue transglutaminase (TG2). This 33-mer is rich in proline residues and adopts the type II polyproline helical conformation in solution. In this study we report that after deamidation, the 33-mer bound with higher affinity to DQ2 compared with other monovalent peptides harboring gliadin epitopes. We found that the TG2-treated 33-mer was presented equally effectively by live and glutaraldehyde-fixed, EBV-transformed B cells. The TG2-treated 33-mer was also effectively presented by glutaraldehyde-fixed dendritic cells, albeit live dendritic cells were the most effective APCs. A strikingly increased T cell stimulatory potency of the 33-mer compared with a 12-mer peptide was also seen with fixed APCs. The 33-mer showed binding maximum to DQ2 at pH 6.3, higher than maxima found for other high affinity DQ2 binders. The 33-mer is thus a potent T cell stimulator that does not require further processing within APC for T cell presentation and that binds to DQ2 with a pH profile that promotes extracellular binding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.3.1757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T23:38:25Z","timestamp":1398209905000},"page":"1757-1762","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Antigen Presentation to Celiac Lesion-Derived T Cells of a 33-Mer Gliadin Peptide Naturally Formed by Gastrointestinal Digestion"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Shuo-Wang","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elin","family":"Bergseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8yvind","family":"Molberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burkhard","family":"Fleckenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaitan","family":"Khosla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludvig M","family":"Sollid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020212081993500_R1","first-page":"647","volume-title":"Nat. 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