{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:57:31Z","timestamp":1791298651501,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]],"date-time":"2004-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although Gal\u03b21\u20134GlcNAc (LacNAc) moieties are the most common constituents of N-linked glycans on vertebrate proteins, GalNAc\u03b21\u20134GlcNAc (LacdiNAc, LDN)-containing glycans are widespread in invertebrates, such as helminths. We postulated that LDN might be a molecular pattern for recognition of helminth parasites by the immune system. Using LDN-based affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, we have identified galectin-3 as the major LDN-binding protein in macrophages. By contrast, LDN binding was not observed with galectin-1. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis and a solid phase binding assay demonstrated that galectin-3 binds directly to neoglycoconjugates carrying LDN glycans. In addition, galectin-3 bound to Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg Ags and a mAb against the LDN glycan inhibited this binding, suggesting that LDN glycans within S. mansoni soluble egg Ags contribute to galectin-3 binding. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated high levels of galectin-3 in liver granulomas of S. mansoni-infected hamsters, and a colocalization of galectin-3 and LDN glycans was observed on the parasite eggshells. Finally, we demonstrate that galectin-3 can mediate recognition and phagocytosis of LDN-coated particles by macrophages. These findings provide evidence that LDN-glycans constitute a parasite pattern for galectin-3-mediated immune recognition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.3.1902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T23:38:25Z","timestamp":1398209905000},"page":"1902-1907","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["LacdiNAc-Glycans Constitute a Parasite Pattern for Galectin-3-Mediated Immune Recognition"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Timo K","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrige University University Medical Center , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henk","family":"Honing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrige University University Medical Center , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrige University University Medical Center , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"van Remoortere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, University of Leiden , Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wietske E C M","family":"Schiphorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrige University University Medical Center , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Tong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Davis School of Medicine, University of California , Sacramento, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre\u0301 M","family":"Deelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, University of Leiden , Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard D","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Oklahoma Center for Medical Glycobiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelis H","family":"Hokke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, University of Leiden , Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irma","family":"van Die","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrige University University Medical Center , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020212070001900_R1","first-page":"675","volume-title":"Nat. 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