{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:23:20Z","timestamp":1792653800631,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]],"date-time":"2004-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Primary viral infections, including primary HIV infection, trigger intense activation of the immune system, with marked expansion of CD38+CD8+ T cells. Whether this expansion involves only viral-specific cells or includes a degree of bystander activation remains a matter of debate. We therefore examined the activation status of EBV-, CMV-, and influenza virus (FLU)-specific CD8+ T cells during primary HIV infection, in comparison to HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. The activation markers CD38 and HLA-DR were strongly expressed on HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. Surprisingly, CD38 expression was also up-regulated on CD8+ T cells specific for other viruses, albeit to a lesser extent. Activation marker expression returned to normal or near-normal values after 1 year of highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV viral load correlated with CD38 expression on HIV-specific CD8+ T cells but also on EBV-, CMV-, and FLU-specific CD8+ T cells. In primary HIV infection, EBV-specific CD8+ T cells also showed increased Ki67 expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression, compared with values observed in HIV-seronegative control subjects. These results show that bystander activation occurs during primary HIV infection, even though HIV-specific CD8+ T cells express the highest level of activation. The role of this bystander activation in lymphocyte homeostasis and HIV pathogenesis remains to be determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.4.2410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T00:58:37Z","timestamp":1398128317000},"page":"2410-2418","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":181,"title":["CD8+ T Cells Specific for EBV, Cytomegalovirus, and Influenza Virus Are Activated during Primary HIV Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Doisne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale \u00a0 E0109, Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Urrutia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale \u00a0 E0109, Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Lacabaratz-Porret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale \u00a0 E0109, Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ce\u0301cile","family":"Goujard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Me\u0301decine Interne , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale Unite\u0301 569, Ho\u0302pital Bice\u0302tre, Le Kremlin-Bice\u0302tre , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Laure","family":"Chaix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie Ho\u0302pital Necker , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Sinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale \u00a0 E0109, Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Venet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale \u00a0 E0109, Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020212032501300_R1","first-page":"4650","volume-title":"J. 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