{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T13:30:21Z","timestamp":1793194221305,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Infection can protect against subsequent disease by induction of both humoral and cellular immunity, but inert protein-based vaccines are not as effective. In this study, we present a new vaccine design, with Ag covalently conjugated to solid core nano-beads of narrowly defined size (0.04\u20130.05 \u03bcm) that localize to dendritic cells (DEC205+ CD40+, CD86+) in draining lymph nodes, inducing high levels of IFN-\u03b3 production (CD8 T cells: precursor frequencies 1\/5000 to 1\/1000) and high Ab titers in mice. Conjugation of Ag to these nano-beads induced responses that were significantly higher (2- to 10-fold) than those elicited by other bead sizes, and higher than a range of currently used adjuvants (alum, QuilA, monophosphoryl lipid A). Responses were comparable to CFA\/IFA immunization for Abs and ex vivo peptide-pulsed dendritic cell immunization for CD8 T cells. A single dose of Ag-conjugated beads protected mice from tumors in two different model challenges and caused rapid clearance of established tumors in mice. Thus, a range of Ags conjugated to nano-beads was effective as immunogens in both therapeutic and prophylactic scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.5.3148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T00:03:38Z","timestamp":1398038618000},"page":"3148-3154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":583,"title":["Size-Dependent Immunogenicity: Therapeutic and Protective Properties of Nano-Vaccines against Tumors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Theodora","family":"Fifis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Austin Research Institute, Austin Hospital , Heidelberg, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Gamvrellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austin Research Institute, Austin Hospital , Heidelberg, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blessing","family":"Crimeen-Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austin Research Institute, Austin Hospital , Heidelberg, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey A","family":"Pietersz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austin Research Institute, Austin Hospital , Heidelberg, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austin Research Institute, Austin Hospital , Heidelberg, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia L","family":"Mottram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austin Research Institute, Austin Hospital , Heidelberg, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian F C","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austin Research Institute, Austin Hospital , Heidelberg, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Plebanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austin Research Institute, Austin Hospital , Heidelberg, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032617331906800_R1","first-page":"1042","volume-title":"N. 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