{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T17:11:07Z","timestamp":1770484267838,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus-induced bronchiolitis has been linked to the development of allergy and atopic asthma. IL-12 and possibly IL-18 are central mediators orchestrating Th1 and\/or Th2 immune responses to infection. To determine a possible role for IL-12 in regulating the immune response to acute respiratory syncytial virus infection, IL-12p40 gene-targeted (IL-12p40\u2212\/\u2212) and wild-type mice were intratracheally infected with respiratory syncytial virus, and lung inflammatory and immune responses were assessed. Lung inflammation and mucus production were increased in the airways of IL-12p40\u2212\/\u2212 mice as compared with those of wild-type mice, concurrent with increased levels of the Th2 effector cytokines IL-5 and IL-13. Respiratory syncytial virus clearance and levels of Th1 effector cytokine IFN-\u03b3 were not altered. Interestingly, IL-18, another mediator of IFN-\u03b3 production, was significantly increased in the lungs of IL-12p40\u2212\/\u2212 mice early during the course of infection. Abrogation of IL-18-mediated signaling in IL-12p40\u2212\/\u2212 mice further enhanced Th2 immune response and mucus production in the airways during respiratory syncytial virus infection but failed to modulate IFN-\u03b3 production or viral clearance. These findings implicate a role for IL-12 and IL-18 in modulating respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway inflammation distinct from that of viral clearance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.6.4040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T02:57:29Z","timestamp":1398049049000},"page":"4040-4049","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["IL-12p40 and IL-18 Modulate Inflammatory and Immune Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Shan-Ze","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Asthma and Pulmonary Immunology Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque, NM 87108"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Xiao","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asthma and Pulmonary Immunology Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque, NM 87108"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia L","family":"Rosenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asthma and Pulmonary Immunology Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque, NM 87108"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yohannes","family":"Tesfaigzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asthma and Pulmonary Immunology Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque, NM 87108"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Health Science Center, Houston Medical School, University of Texas , Houston, TX 77030"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin S","family":"Harrod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asthma and Pulmonary Immunology Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque, NM 87108"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032617340644200_R1","first-page":"402","volume-title":"J. 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