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In this study we investigated the possible modulation by salicylates of NFAT-mediated transcription in lymphocytic and monocytic cell lines. RNase protection assays showed that 2-acetoxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid (triflusal) inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, mRNA expression of several cytokine genes, most of which are NFAT-regulated and cyclosporin A (CsA)-sensitive. In Jurkat cells, the expression of IL-3, GM-CSF, TNF-\u03b1, TGF-\u03b21, IL-2, lymphotactin, MIP-1\u03b1, and MIP-1\u03b2 was inhibited to different extents. In THP-1 cells, inhibition of the expression of M-CSF, G-CSF, stem cell factor, IFN-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1, TGF-\u03b21, lymphotoxin-\u03b21, MIP-1\u03b1, MIP-1\u03b2, and IL-8 was observed. Sodium salicylate and aspirin only showed significant effects at 5 mM. The transcriptional activity of two genes that contain NFAT sites, a GM-CSF full promoter and a T cell-specific enhancer from the IL-3 locus, was also inhibited by salicylates. Transactivation experiments performed with several NFAT-dependent and AP-1-dependent reporter genes showed that triflusal strongly inhibited NFAT-dependent transcription at concentrations as low as 0.25 mM. Sodium salicylate and aspirin were less potent. The triflusal inhibitory effect was reversible and synergized with suboptimal doses of CsA. Experiments to address the mechanism of action of salicylates in the NFAT activation cascade disclosed a mechanism different from that of CsA, because salicylates inhibited DNA-binding and NFAT-mediated transactivation without affecting phosphorylation or subcellular localization of NFAT. In summary, these data describe a new pharmacological effect of salicylates as inhibitors of NFAT-dependent transcription.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.9.5721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T20:56:18Z","timestamp":1398027378000},"page":"5721-5729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["A New Pharmacological Effect of Salicylates: Inhibition of NFAT-Dependent Transcription"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Mo\u0301nica","family":"Aceves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologi\u0301a y Gene\u0301tica Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas , Valladolid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Duen\u0303as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigacio\u0301n, Hospital Cli\u0301nico Universitario , Valladolid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Go\u0301mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologi\u0301a y Gene\u0301tica Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas , Valladolid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edurne","family":"San Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigacio\u0301n, Hospital Cli\u0301nico Universitario , Valladolid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariano Sa\u0301nchez","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologi\u0301a y Gene\u0301tica Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas , Valladolid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Garci\u0301a-Rodri\u0301guez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biologi\u0301a y Gene\u0301tica Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas , Valladolid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020212064801400_R1","first-page":"233","volume-title":"Trends Pharmacol. 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