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Based on this body of evidence, it was thought that Bcl-xL plays an essential role in the generation of effector and memory T lymphocytes. We report that mice with a conditional deletion of Bcl-x in T lymphocytes develop a normal CD8+ T cell response to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Furthermore, Bcl-x conditional knockout mice exhibit normal T-dependent humoral immune responses. These results indicate that Bcl-x is dispensable for the generation of effector and memory T lymphocytes and suggest that costimulation of T lymphocytes promotes their survival through a Bcl-xL independent mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.6967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T05:21:28Z","timestamp":1398144088000},"page":"6967-6973","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The Antiapoptotic Protein Bcl-xL Is Dispensable for the Development of Effector and Memory T Lymphocytes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Nu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC 27710"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You-Wen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC 27710"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032706473799000_R1","first-page":"597","volume-title":"Cell","year":"1993"},{"key":"2025032706473799000_R2","first-page":"3033","volume-title":"Development","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025032706473799000_R3","first-page":"4388","volume-title":"J. 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