{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T11:16:16Z","timestamp":1791026176612,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]],"date-time":"2005-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Our earlier study showed that GM-CSF has the potential not only to prevent, but also to suppress, experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT). GM-CSF-induced EAT suppression in mice was accompanied by an increase in the frequency of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells that could suppress mouse thyroglobulin (mTg)-specific T cell responses in vitro, but the underlying mechanism of this suppression was not elucidated. In this study we show that GM-CSF can induce dendritic cells (DCs) with a semimature phenotype, an important characteristic of DCs, which are known to play a critical role in the induction and maintenance of regulatory T cells. Adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+ T cells from GM-CSF-treated and mTg-primed donors into untreated, but mTg-primed, recipients resulted in decreased mTg-specific T cell responses. Furthermore, lymphocytes obtained from these donors and recipients after adoptive transfer produced significantly higher levels of IL-10 compared with mTg-primed, untreated, control mice. Administration of anti-IL-10R Ab into GM-CSF-treated mice abrogated GM-CSF-induced suppression of EAT, as indicated by increased mTg-specific T cell responses, thyroid lymphocyte infiltration, and follicular destruction. Interestingly, in vivo blockade of IL-10R did not affect GM-CSF-induced expansion of CD4+CD25+ T cells. However, IL-10-induced immunosuppression was due to its direct effects on mTg-specific effector T cells. Taken together, these results indicated that IL-10, produced by CD4+CD25+ T cells that were probably induced by semimature DCs, is essential for disease suppression in GM-CSF-treated mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.7006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T05:21:28Z","timestamp":1398144088000},"page":"7006-7013","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["IL-10-Producing CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Play a Critical Role in Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Induced Suppression of Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Eryn","family":"Gangi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois , Chicago, IL 60612"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenthamarakshan","family":"Vasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Illinois , Chicago, IL 60612"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Cheatem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois , Chicago, IL 60612"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bellur S","family":"Prabhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois , Chicago, IL 60612"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032706474670900_R1","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Mol. 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