{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:03:49Z","timestamp":1792454629599,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]],"date-time":"2005-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Although activation of CD4+ T cells mediates pathogenesis in Leishmania amazonensis (La)-infected mice, these susceptible mice do not develop a polarized Th2 response, suggesting a unique mechanism of disease susceptibility. To understand how Th cell activities are regulated, we examined the frequency and phenotypes of regulatory T (Treg) cells. At 1\u20133 wk of infection, relatively high percentages of CD4+CD25+CD86+ T cells, as well as high levels of FoxP3, TGF-\u03b21, and IL-10RI transcripts, were detected in the skin and draining lymph nodes, indicating local accumulation of Treg cells. Lesion-derived, IL-10-producing CD4+CD25+ cells effectively suppressed proliferation and cytokine (IL-2 and IFN-\u03b3) production of CD4+CD25\u2212 effector cells. Adoptive transfer of lesion-derived CD4+CD25+ cells to syngeneic, naive C57BL\/6 mice before infection significantly reduced disease development. To further validate the beneficial role of Treg cells in La infection, we adoptively transferred CD25+ T cell-depleted splenocytes (derived from naive mice) into RAG1\u2212\/\u2212 mice. This transfer rendered RAG1\u2212\/\u2212 mice more susceptible to La infection than the mice receiving control splenocytes. The beneficial effect of Treg cells was transitory and correlated with decreased activation of IFN-\u03b3-producing effector T cells. This study uncovers an intriguing role of Treg cells in restraining pathogenic responses during nonhealing Leishmania infection and emphasizes a balance between Treg and Th1-like effector cells in determining the outcome of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.7147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T05:21:28Z","timestamp":1398144088000},"page":"7147-7153","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Restrain Pathogenic Responses during <i>Leishmania amazonensis<\/i> Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Jiaxiang","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, TX 77555"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Masterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, TX 77555"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaren","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, TX 77555"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Soong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, TX 77555"},{"name":"Pathology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, TX 77555"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032706472430500_R1","first-page":"296","volume-title":"Trop Geographic Med","year":"1990"},{"key":"2025032706472430500_R2","first-page":"178","volume-title":"Am. 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