{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T19:24:18Z","timestamp":1782761058016,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]],"date-time":"2005-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Through analysis of athymic (nu\/nu) mice carrying a transgenic gene encoding GFP instead of RAG-2 product, it has recently been reported that, in the absence of thymopoiesis, mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer\u2019s patches (PP) but not gut cryptopatches are pivotal birthplace of mature T cells such as the thymus-independent intestinal intraepithelial T cells (IEL). To explore and evaluate this important issue, we generated nu\/nu mice lacking all lymph nodes (LN) and PP by administration of lymphotoxin-\u03b2 receptor-Ig and TNF receptor 55-Ig fusion proteins into the timed pregnant nu\/+ mice that had been mated with male nu\/nu mice (nu\/nu LNP\u2212 mice). We also generated nu\/nu aly\/aly (aly, alymphoplasia) double-mutant mice that inherently lacked all LN, PP, and isolated lymphoid follicles. Although \u03b3\u03b4-IEL were slightly smaller in number than those in nu\/nu mice, substantial colonization of \u03b3\u03b4-IEL was found to take place in the intestinal epithelia of nu\/nu LNP\u2212 and nu\/nu aly\/aly mice. Notably, the population size of a major CD8\u03b1\u03b1+ \u03b3\u03b4-IEL subset was maintained, the use of TCR-\u03b3-chain variable gene segments by these \u03b3\u03b4-IEL was unaltered, and the development of cryptopatches remained intact in these nu\/nu LNP\u2212 and nu\/nu aly\/aly mice. These findings indicate that all LN, including mesenteric LN, PP, and isolated lymphoid follicles, are not an absolute requirement for the development of \u03b3\u03b4-IEL in athymic nu\/nu mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.4.1906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T22:28:51Z","timestamp":1398032931000},"page":"1906-1912","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Intestinal \u03b3\u03b4 T Cells Develop in Mice Lacking Thymus, All Lymph Nodes, Peyer\u2019s Patches, and Isolated Lymphoid Follicles"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Nonaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Naito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Nihon University School of Dentistry , Chiba ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyo","family":"Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kiyono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromasa","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromichi","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020213022895000_R1","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Curr. 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