{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T08:05:15Z","timestamp":1791014715067,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]],"date-time":"2005-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Several types of CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have been recently characterized. In mice, type A(D) CpG-ODNs primarily stimulate macrophages and dendritic cells, but fail to stimulate B cells. On the contrary, type B(K) CpG-ODNs are excellent B cell activators. Type C CpG-ODNs combine features of both types A(D) and B(K) CpG-ODNs. Despite cell type preferences, all CpG-ODNs require the presence of TLR9 for activation. In this study, we show that a subset of B cells from lupus mice responds to type A(D) CpG-ODN stimulation vigorously and directly with increased CD25 and CD86 expression and IL-10 secretion. Furthermore, these CpG-ODNs induce high surface IgM expression and promote 50- to 100-fold higher IgM and IgG3 secretion in lupus B cells than in controls. This response is similar to that seen with bacterial DNA stimulation of B cells. Type A(D)-responsive cells are enriched within lupus B cells with the marginal zone (MZ) phenotype. These cells are at least twice more numerous in lupus mice than in controls. The ability of lupus B cells to respond to type A(D) CpG-ODN stimulation is not due to differential TLR9 expression. Therefore, type A(D) CpG-ODNs may contribute to the lupus pathogenesis by inducing MZ-B cell activation, costimulatory molecule expression, and polyclonal Ig secretion. Through increased IL-10 secretion, MZ-B cells may also modify the activity of other cell types, particularly dendritic cells and macrophages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.4.2429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,20]],"date-time":"2014-04-20T22:28:51Z","timestamp":1398032931000},"page":"2429-2434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Activation of Marginal Zone B Cells from Lupus Mice with Type A(D) CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotides"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Brummel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petar","family":"Lenert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020212263203400_R1","first-page":"1482","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1989"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R2","first-page":"284","volume-title":"J. Clin. Immunol.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R3","first-page":"603","volume-title":"Nature","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R4","first-page":"837","volume-title":"Immunity","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R5","first-page":"5898","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R6","first-page":"546","volume-title":"Nature","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R7","first-page":"709","volume-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R8","first-page":"202","volume-title":"J. Clin. Immunol.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R9","first-page":"1398","volume-title":"J. Clin. Invest.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R10","first-page":"534","volume-title":"FASEB J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R11","first-page":"838","volume-title":"Lupus","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R12","first-page":"2154","volume-title":"Eur. J. Immunol.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R13","first-page":"2372","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R14","first-page":"252","volume-title":"Eur. J. Immunol.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R15","first-page":"4878","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R16","first-page":"813","volume-title":"J. Leukocyte Biol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R17","first-page":"519","volume-title":"Trends Immunol.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R18","first-page":"3059","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R19","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Immunol. Lett.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R20","first-page":"621","volume-title":"DNA Cell Biol.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R21","first-page":"683","volume-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R22","first-page":"1840","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R23","first-page":"1633","volume-title":"Eur. J. Immunol.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R24","first-page":"12631","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R25","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R26","first-page":"2219","volume-title":"Arthritis Rheum.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R27","first-page":"143","volume-title":"Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R28","first-page":"1936","volume-title":"J. Clin. Invest.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R29","first-page":"2148","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R30","first-page":"323","volume-title":"Nat. Immunol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R31","first-page":"70","volume-title":"Immunol. Rev.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R32","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.","year":"1985"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R33","first-page":"349","volume-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R34","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Int. Immunol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R35","first-page":"4111","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R36","first-page":"181","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R37","first-page":"1886","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R38","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Clin. Immunol.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R39","first-page":"59","volume-title":"J. Clin. Invest.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R40","first-page":"1341","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1982"},{"key":"2026020212263203400_R41"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/174\/4\/2429\/62613871\/2429.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/174\/4\/2429\/62613871\/2429.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T17:34:08Z","timestamp":1770053648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/174\/4\/2429\/8036890"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.174.4.2429","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]}}}