{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:25:04Z","timestamp":1791307504201,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]],"date-time":"2005-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Propionibacterium acnes (formerly Corynebacterium parvum) is part of the human flora and, as such, is associated with several human pathologies. It possesses strong immunomodulatory activities, which makes this bacterium interesting for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination. The bacterial component(s) and the host receptor(s) involved in the induction of these activities are poorly understood. We show in this study that TLR9 is crucial in generating the characteristic effects of killed P. acnes priming in the spleen, such as extramedullary hemopoiesis and organ enlargement, and granuloma formation in the liver. Furthermore, the ability to overproduce TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3 in response to LPS, lipid A, synthetic lipopeptide Pam3CysK4, or whole killed bacteria was present in P. acnes-primed wild-type, but not TLR9\u2212\/\u2212, mice. Finally, P. acnes priming failed to induce enhanced resistance to murine typhoid fever in TLR9\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Thus, TLR9 plays an essential role in the induction of immunomodulatory effects by P. acnes. Because IFN-\u03b3 is a key mediator of these effects, and enhanced IFN-\u03b3 mRNA expression was absent in spleen and liver of P. acnes-primed TLR9\u2212\/\u2212 mice, we conclude that TLR9 is required for the induction of IFN-\u03b3 by P. acnes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.7.4295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,22]],"date-time":"2014-04-22T22:39:15Z","timestamp":1398206355000},"page":"4295-4300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Requirement for TLR9 in the Immunomodulatory Activity of\n                    <i>Propionibacterium acnes<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Kalis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institut fu\u0308r Immunbiologie, Albert Ludwigs Universita\u0308t Freiburg , Freiburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Gumenscheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institut fu\u0308r Immunbiologie, Albert Ludwigs Universita\u0308t Freiburg , Freiburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Freudenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut fu\u0308r Pathologie, Albert Ludwigs Universita\u0308t Freiburg , Freiburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Tchaptchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institut fu\u0308r Immunbiologie, Albert Ludwigs Universita\u0308t Freiburg , Freiburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyo\u0308rgy","family":"Fejer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institut fu\u0308r Immunbiologie, Albert Ludwigs Universita\u0308t Freiburg , Freiburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"Heit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Mikrobiologie, Immunologie and Hygiene , Munich ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizuo","family":"Akira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Galanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institut fu\u0308r Immunbiologie, Albert Ludwigs Universita\u0308t Freiburg , Freiburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina A","family":"Freudenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institut fu\u0308r Immunbiologie, Albert Ludwigs Universita\u0308t Freiburg , Freiburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020212230663800_R1","first-page":"819","volume-title":"Rev. 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